Ureter, urinary bladder and female genitalia
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andreaswahl Plus on April 3, 2012
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26 terms
Terms | Definitions |
|---|---|
 What is the ureter and what are the three constrictions? | 1. A muscular tube that transmits urine by peristaltic waves 2. Pelvis of the ureter joins the ureter; crosses the pelvic brim; junction with the bladder |
| Passage of the ureter in both sexes? | 1. Crosses pelvic brim in front of the bifurcation of the common iliac aa. 2. Descends on the lateral pelvic wall medial to the umbilical artery and obturator vessels |
| Passage of the ureter in female? | 1. Posterior to the ovary and forms the boundary of the ovarian fossa. 2. Goes in the base of the broad ligament of the uterus 3. Enters obliquely through the base of the bladder and opens by a slit-like orifice that acts as a valve |
| Passage of the ureter in male? | 1. Posterior and inferior to the ductus deferens 2. In front of the seminal vesicles before entering the posteriolateral aspect of the bladder in males |
| What is the relation between uterine artery and the ureter? Clinical significans? | Uterine artery runs above and anterior to the ureter in the base of the broad ligament of the uterus. During a hysterectomy it can be damaged. |
| Blood supply of the ureter? | Aorta; renal; gonadal; common and internal iliac; umbilical; superior and inferior vesical; middle rectal aa. |
| Parts and location of the urinary bladder? | 1. Below the peritoneum, slightly lower in the female than in the male. Extends upward above the pelvis brim as it fills 2. Apex at the anterior end, fundus or base at its posteriorinferior triangular portion and neck where the inferolateral surfaces and fundus comes together to leading to urethra |
| What is the name of the small eminence at the apex of its trigone? What is the trigon? Sphincter? | 1. Uvula 2. Triangle bounded by two orifices (ureteral orifice) and the internal urethral orifice, around which is a thick circular layer called the internal urethral sphincter (sphincter vesicae) |
| Name of bundles of smooth muscle fibers in the bladder? Function? | Called detrusor muscle of the bladder. They have stretch receptors for the increasing size of the bladder and may contract to facilitate emptying |
| Blood supply and drainage of the urinary bladder? | 1. Superior vesical artery (from umbilical a) 2. Inferior vesical artery (from internal iliac a) 3. Vaginal artery (in females) 4. Artery of ductus deferens (in males) Drained by the prostatic (or vesical) plexus of veins into the internal iliac vein |
| Nervous supply of the urinary bladder? Effect? | From vesical and prostatic plexuses. 1. Parasympathetic: Pelvic splanchnic nerve from S2-S4 stimulate contraction of the detrusor muscles and relaxes the internal urethral sphincter 2. Sympathetic: Relaxes the detrusor of the bladder and constricts the internal urethral sphincter |
| Parts and length of the male urethra? Clinical? | 1. Prostatic, membranous and spongy part 2. 20 cm 3. membranous urethra is liable to rupture or to penetration by a catheter |
| Length and opening of the female urethra? | 1. 4 cm long 2. External urethral orifice is situated between the labia minor, in front of the vaginal opening but behind glans clitoris |
| Explain the process of micturition and what is the volume of the bladder when the stretch receptors in the detrusor muscle is stimulated? | 1. At approx. 300 mL. GVA impulses goes via pelvic splanchnic nerves into the spinal cord segments S2-S4 2. Preganglionic parasymp. synapse in the pelvic plexus (inferior hypogastric); postganglionic fibers induce a reflex contraction of the detrusor muscle and relaxation of the internal urethral sphincter 3. GSE fibers in the pudendal nerve cause voluntary relaxation of the external urethral sphincter and the bladder begins to ovid 4. In males, bulbospongiosus muscles in the male expel the last few drops of urine from the urethra |
| Position and blood supply/drainage of the ovaries? | 1. Posterior aspect of the broad ligament on the side of the pelic minor, bounded by the external and internal iliac vessels 2. Supplied by the ovarian aa (in the suspensory ligament) from the abdominal aorta with anastomoses with the branches of the uterine a (from internal iliac) 3. Drained by the ovarian veins (right to IVC, left to left renal vein) |
| Anatomical parts of the uterine tubes? Connects which cavities? | 1. Connects the uterine cavity to the peritoneal cavity 2. Interstitial (uterine part), isthmus, ampulla (longest part) and infundibulum |
| Uterus is anteverted and anteflexed, what does it mean? | 1. Anteverted: Angle of 90 at the junction of the vagina and cervical canal 2. Anteflexed: Angle of 160-170 at the junction of the cervix and body |
| Which ligaments and structures supports the uterus? | 1. Pelvic diaphragm 2. Urogenital diaphragm 3. Round; broad; transverse cervical ligaments 4. Pubocervical ligament 5. Sacrocervical ligament 6. Rectouterine ligament |
| Blood supply to the uterus? | Primarily by the uterine artery and secondairly by the ovarian artery |
| Parts and location of the uterus? | 1. Fundus: Rounded part superior and anterior to the plane of the entrance of the uterine tube 2. Body: Inferior to the fundus and superior to the isthmus 3. Isthmus: Constricted part between the body and the cervix - corresponds to the internal os. 4. Cervix: Inferior narrow part that projects into the vagina |
| Where do you find the internal, external os? And cervical canal? | These are regions in the cervix. 1. Internal os: Junction of the cervical canal with the uterine body 2. Cervical canal: Cavity of the cervix between internal and external ostia 3. Externa os: Opening of the cervical canal into the vagina |
| Where does the vagina open? What is fornix? | 1. Opens into the vestibule, partially closed by a membranous crescentic fold - the hymen 2. Fornix of the vagina is the recess between the cervix and the wall of the vagina |
| What supports the vagina? | 1. Levator ani 2. Transverse cervical lig. 3. Pubocervical lig. 4. Sacrocervical (upper part) lig. 5. Urogenital diaphragm 6. Perineal body |
| Blood supply of the vagina? | Vaginal branches of the uterine artery and the internal iliac a. |
| Lymph drainage of the vagina? | 1. Upper 3/4: Internal iliac nodes 2. Lower 1/4 (below hymen): Downward to the perineum and into the superficial inguinal nodes |
| Innervation of the vagina? | 1. Upper 3/4: Uterovaginal plexus 2. Lower 1/4: Deep perineal branch of the pudendal nerve |
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