Preliminary PDHPE
About this set
Created by:
mark_fitzgerald3 on September 8, 2009
Subjects:
Core 1 Pdhpe, Core 2 Pdhpe, Core 3 Pdhpe, Fitness Choices, First Aid.
Description:
Glossary for Preliminary PDHPE Core 1, Core 2, Core 3, Fitness Choices and First Aid
Classes:
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135 terms
Terms | Definitions |
|---|---|
 Acceleration | the rate at which velocity changes in a given amount of time |
| Aerobic | exercise refers to continuous activity that is of low intensity and lasting up to an hour or more |
| Agility | is the ability to move the body from one position and direction to another with speed and precision |
| Alcoholism | a condition associated with addiction to alcohol |
| Anaemia | a condition where there is a deficiency of red blood cells in the body |
| Anaerobic | exercise refers to activity that is of high intensity and short duration; that is, lasting up to about three minutes such as sprinting |
| Analgesics | are medications that relieve pain |
| Angular momentum | the quantity of angular motion in a body or part of a body |
| Angular motion | occurs when a body and all parts of it travel along a circular path through the same angle and in the same direction |
| Anorexia nervosa | an eating disorder accompanied by a progressive loss of appetite and consequent weight reduction beyond acceptable health levels |
| Applied forces | are forces generated by muscles working on joints |
| Appraisal | the process of determining the quality, quantity and status of a movement performance or skill |
| Arteries | are blood vessels that carry blood away from the heart |
| Assertive behaviour | relates to a person's confidence in proclaiming their rights and opinions and being prepared to act on these |
| Assertiveness | involves communicating our needs, wants or feelings in an honest, calm and non-blaming manner |
| Average speed | equal to distance divided by time |
| Axis of rotation | an imaginary line about which a body or part of a body rotates |
| Balance | the ability to maintain equilibrium while either stationary or moving |
| Barbiturates | are a group of medications with powerful sedative effects |
| Base of support | refers to an imaginary area that surrounds the outside edge of the body when it is in contact with a surface |
| Biomechanics | a science concerned with forces and the effect of these forces on and within the human body |
| Bisexual person | has sexual desires and feelings of love for people of both genders |
| Blood alcohol concentration | a measure of the amount of alcohol in a person's blood (grams) of alcohol per 100 mL blood |
| Blood glucose | Blood sugar that represents the immediate supply of fuel for the working muscles |
| Blood-borne viruses | are caused by infections spread from person to person by blood, blood products and bodily fluids |
| Body composition | refers to the percentage of fat as opposed to lean body mass in a human being |
| Bulimia nervosa | an eating disorder where large quantities of food are ingested at one time (bingeing) and then purged from the body by self-induced vomiting |
| Cannabis | an illegal, mind-altering drug derived from the cannabis plant |
| Capillaries | are the smallest of all blood vessels that function to exchange oxygen and nutrients for waste |
| Carbohydrates | are compounds consisting of carbon, hydrogen and oxygen |
| Cardiopulmonary resuscitation | a life sustaining procedure that uses rescue breathing and chest compressions to stimulate blood flow and oxygen delivery when a person has stopped breathing or their heart has stopped beating |
| Cardiorespiratory endurance | refers to the ability of the working muscles to take up and use the oxygen that has been breathed in during exercise and transferred to muscle cells |
| Cardiovascular system | a network comprising the heart, arteries, blood and veins that distributes blood containing oxygen and nutrients and collects wastes |
| Centre of gravity | of an object is the point at which all the weight is evenly distributed and about which the object is balanced |
| Centrifugal force | a force directed away from the centre of a rotating body |
| Centripetal force | a force directed towards the centre of a rotating body |
| Chest compressions | are downward thrusts on the centre of the chest that stimulate blood flow to vital organs in the body |
| Commodification | the process of turning something into a commodity that can be bought and sold |
| Commodity | is a product that exists to generate profit |
| Communication | the process of conveying ideas, opinions and information through written or spoken words, symbols or actions |
| Concentric contraction | the muscle shortens, causing movement at the joint |
| Connectedness | refers to a sense of belonging and a feeling of being valued and supported |
| Coordination | the ability to harmonise the messages from the senses (such as sight, feel and sound) with parts of the body to produce movements that are smooth, skilful and well controlled |
| Defibrillator | a device that provides an electric shock to a patient whose heart has stopped beating |
| Dental dam | a rectangular piece of latex that acts as a barrier between the mouth and genital areas |
| Depressants | are a group of drugs that slow body functions and relieve pain by depressing the action of the central nervous system |
| Diabetes | a condition where the body is unable to produce or regulate the insulin (a hormone) required to control the level of blood sugar |
| Diastolic pressure | is the minimum or lowest pressure recorded when the heart is relaxing and filling |
| Dietary fibre | refers to the foodstuffs that have not been digested on entering the large intestine |
| Discrimination | is treating a person unfairly or less favourably because they belong to a particular group |
| Displacement | the movement of a body from one location to another in a particular direction |
| Distance | the length of the path taken when a body moves from one point to another |
| Drug | any substance excluding food, oxygen and water that, when taken into the body, alters the way the bodyfunctions |
| Eccentric | contraction occurs when the muscle lengthens while under tension |
| Exercise | planned, structured and repetitive bodily movement |
| FITT | a fitness principle standing for frequency, intensity, time and type |
| Flexibility | the range of motion about a joint or the ease of joint movement |
| Force | is the push or pull acting on a body |
| Synovial joint | one that allows maximum movement |
| General motion | a combination of angular and linear motion |
| Haemoglobin | a protein found in red blood cells and combines with oxygen and transports it to body cells |
| Hallucinogens | are a group of mind-altering drugs that change perception about what is real and what is not |
| Harm minimization | an approach that aims to reduce the adverse health, social and economic consequences of drug use |
| Health promotion | the process of enabling people to increase control over and to improve their health |
| Hepatitis | refers to a disease that causes varying degrees of inflammation and subsequent damage to the liver |
| Heterosexual | or opposite sex attracted person has sexual desires and feelings of love for people of the opposite sex |
| Homophobia | a fear or hatred of homosexuality or alternative sexualities |
| Homosexual | or same sex attracted person has sexual desires and feelings of love for people of the same sex |
| Hormones | are chemical messengers released into the bloodstream |
| Illicit drugs | are those that have not been prescribed, such as cannabis, cocaine, amphetamines, heroin, hallucinogens etc |
| Immovable | a joint where no movement is possible |
| Improvisation | refers to the spontaneous discovery of movement |
| Insertion | the point of attachment at the movable end which tends to be away from the body's main mass |
| Intimidate | means one person making others do what they want through threats and the use of fear |
| Isometric contraction | develops when the muscle develop force, but the muscle length does not change |
| Isometric exercises | are muscular contractions where tension is created in the muscle, but its length remains the same |
| Kilojoule | a metric expression of the energy value in food |
| Linear motion | when a body and all parts connected to it travel the same distance in the same direction and at the same speed |
| Mass | refers to the amount of matter in a body |
| Mental health | the capacity to express our emotions, adapt to a range of demands and to function productively |
| Metabolic rate | refers to the chemical processes within cells that convert food into energy |
| Minerals | are inorganic salts such as iron, calcium, sodium and phosphorus and are found throughout the body |
| Momentum | refers to the quantity of motion that a body possesses |
| Motion | the movement of a body from one position to another |
| Muscular endurance | the ability of the muscles to endure physical work for extended periods of time without undue fatigue |
| Muscular hypertrophy | relates to an increase in the size of the muscle |
| Muscular power | the ability to combine strength and speed in an explosive action |
| Muscular strength | the ability to exert force against a resistance in a single maximal effort |
| Negotiation | is the process of people working together to resolve a difference of opinion and reach a common agreement |
| Nutrient | a chemical substance in food that nourishes the body in a specific way |
| Origin | the muscle's point of attachment to the more stationary bone |
| Osteoporosis | a condition where bones become brittle due to lack of mineral content |
| Pap smear | a screening test to detect changes in the cells of the cervix |
| Pelvic inflammatory disease | usually caused by sexually transmitted infections of the female reproductive organs that cause inflammation and scarring of the fallopian tubes and can lead to infertility |
| Physical activity | any movement that results in some expenditure of energy |
| Physical fitness | a set of attributes that people have or achieve that relate to the ability to perform physical activity |
| Physical health | the wellness of the body and the absence of chronic pain or discomfort |
| Plasma | a straw-coloured liquid mainly consisting of water (about 90 per cent) |
| Platelets | are fragments of cells found in blood and are responsible for clotting |
| Polydrug use | refers to using a number of drugs at the same time |
| Power | the ability of muscle groups to contract at speed |
| Prescreening | involves a health assessment that entails gaining a medical clearance before beginning an exercise program |
| Proteins | organic compounds that are formed from amino acids and are essential for building and repairing body tissue |
| Psychosis | an illness that prevents people from being able to distinguish between the real world and the imaginary world |
| Pulmonary circulation | the flow of blood from the heart to the lungs and back to the heart |
| Reaction forces | are equal and opposite forces exerted in response to applied forces |
| Reaction time | the time taken to respond to a stimulus |
| Repetitions | are the number of times an exercise is repeated without rest |
| Rescue breath | a breath given to a victim who is not breathing |
| Resilience | the capacity of individuals to deal with adversity and challenges |
| Responsibilities | actions that we must take and tasks we must do |
| Rights | entitlements that we all have |
| Self-efficacy | relates to our confidence in being able to carry out a particular task |
| Set | the number of repetitions done in succession; for example, one set may equal 12 repetitions |
| Sexual assault | term including rape, sexual abuse, sexual molestation, sexual violence and sexual harassment |
| Sexual consent | when one person agrees or gives permission to another to engage in sexual activity with them |
| Slightly movable | a joint that permits limited movement |
| Social construct | a concept that recognises that people have different views based on their social circumstances and ways of seeing, interpreting, interrelating and interacting with their environment |
| Social health | our ability to interact with other people in an interdependent and cooperative way |
| Social justice | supports measures that aim at decreasing or eliminating inequity |
| Speed | equal to the distance covered divided by the time taken to cover the distance |
| Sphygmomanometer | is an instrument used to measure blood pressure |
| Spiritual health | relates to a sense of purpose and meaning in our life, and to feeling connected with others and society |
| Stimulants | a group of drugs that heighten feelings and senses by increasing the activity of the central nervous system |
| Stress | refers to the physical and psychological reactions that people exhibit in response to a particular stimulus |
| Systemic circulation | the flow of blood from the heart to body tissue and back to the heart |
| Systolic pressure | the highest pressure recorded when blood is forced into the arteries during contraction of the left ventricle |
| Target heart rate | a predetermined pulse rate to be obtained during exercise and is expressed as a percentage of MHR |
| Ottawa Charter | a document that represents a global approach to health promotion by the World Health Organization |
| Transgender | means anyone who lives, has lived, or wants to live as a member of the opposite gender to their birth gender |
| Triglycerides | represent the stored form of fat, which is found in adipose tissue - body fat |
| Veins | carry deoxygenated blood from the body tissues back to the right atrium |
| Velocity | equal to displacement divided by time |
| Vilification | any public act that could incite or encourage hatred, severe contempt or ridicule of a specific group |
| Vitamins | organic compounds that function to promote growth and maintain health |
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