Bio260 lab test 1
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26 terms
Terms | Definitions |
|---|---|
 Microbes | A microorganism, esp. a bacterium causing disease or fermentation |
| Prokaryotic cells | Bacterial and Archaea |
| Pure culture | One type of bacterium growing separated from all others |
| Streak-plate | A common technique for separating bacteria from one another. |
| Robert Koch | in the 1880's developed a most of the equipment and media but also the aseptic techniques his contribution to the science to microbiolgy can not be overstimated. |
| Inoculating loops | to tansfer bacteria from a broth culture to an agar surace in a Petri plate. used whenever we transferring a liquid. |
| Inoculating Neeles | used when we transerring bacteria from a solid media. |
| Staining | any procedure that applies colored chemicals called dyes to specimens. |
| Dyes | colored compounds related to or derived from the common organic solvent benzene. |
| Dyes classfied | 1) basic (cationic)(+) 2) acid (anionic) (-) |
| What are the two staining techniue? | 1) Postive stain most procedures involve (dye sticks to cells and gives them color) 2) Negative stain dye does not stick to specimen but dries around its outer boundary. (forming a silhouette Nigrosin(blue-black)& India ink(a black suspension of carbon particles) most common used (-) stain. |
| Chromophore | a color-bearing ion |
| Basic dyes | carry a (+) chromophre & are atttracted to (-) cell comaponets (nucleic acids & protien. B/c bacteria contain large amounts of (-) charged substances, they stain readily with basic dyes (methylene bule, crystal violet,fuchsin & safranin. |
| Postive staining | classified as simple, differential or structrual |
| simple stains | *require only a single dye & uncomplicated procdures *cause all cells in a smear to appear more or less same color. regardless of type but they can still reveal bacterial charactersic such as shap, size & arrangement. |
| differentail stains | use two different-colored dyes called primary dye & counterstain to distinquish b/n cell types or parts (more complex) |
| differential stain | an effective differential stain uses of contrasting color to clearly emphasize differences b/n 2 cell parts. common combinations are red & purple, red & green, or pink & blue. Also pinpoint other characterstics i.e size, shape, & arrangement of cells. eg. gram, acid-fast, & endospore stains.N.b some staining techniques (spore & capsule) fall into more than one category. |
| Hans Christian Gram | developer of Gram staining. |
| Purple | G(+) |
| Red | G(-) |
| Acid-fast stain | like the G stain, is important diagnostic stain that differentaites acid-fast bacteria (pink) from non acid-fast bacteria (blue). originated as a specific method to detect Mycobacterium tuberculosis in specimens |
| Endospore stain (spore stain) | smililar to the acide-fast method in that a dye is forced by heat into resistant survival cells called spores or endospores. developed to distinquish b/n spores & the vegetative cells |
| Gram stain | can also be a practical aid in diagonsing infection & in guiding drug treatment. eg. gram staining of fresh unrine or throat specimen can help pinpoint the possible cause of infection. G stain remains an important & unbeatable first tool in diagonosis. |
| Inoculation | the implantation of microorganisms into or upon culture media . |
| culture | the observable growth that later appears in or on the medium. |
| colony | mound of cells |
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