Circulation
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Created by:
edcracker38x on April 3, 2012
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27 terms
Terms | Definitions |
|---|---|
 heart | powers circulation by using metabolic energy to elevate the hydrostatic pressure of the circulatory fluid, which then flows through the vessels and back to the heart |
| open circulatory system | the circulatory fluid bathes the organs directly |
| hemolymph | the circulatory fluid in an open circulatory system, and is also the interstitial fluid that bathes body cells |
| closed circulatory system | a circulatory fluid called blood is confined to vessels and is distinct from the interstitial fluid is pumped though vessels that branch into smaller ones that infiltrate the organs |
| arteries | carry blood AWAY from the heart to organ throughout the body which narrow into arterioles which convey blood to the capillaries |
| capillary beds | networks of very thin,porous vessels that infiltrate very tissue, passing within a few cell diameters of every cell in the body |
| veins | vessels that carry blood back to the heart; start at capillaries, into venules, then veins. |
| single circulation | a circulatory system consisting of a single pump and circuit, in which blood passes from the sites of gas exchange to the rest of the body before returning to the heart |
| double circulation | a circulatory system consisting of separate pulmonary and systemic circuits, in which blood passes through the heart after completing each circuit |
| cardiac cycle | One complete sequence of pumping and filling |
| systole | the contraction phase of the cycle |
| diastole | the relaxation phase |
| atrioventricular valce | lies between each atrium and ventricle |
| semilunar valves | located where the aorta leaves the left ventricle and where the pulmonary artery leaves the right ventricle |
| heart murmur | A hissing sound that occurs when blood squirts backward through a leaky valve in the heart. |
| sinoatrial (SA) node | the pacemaker; highly specialized neurological tissue, embedded in the wall of the right atrium, responsible for initiating electrical conduction of the heartbeat, causing the atria to contract and firing conduction of impulses to the AV node |
| atrioventricular (AV) node | The second major node of the cardiac conduction system (after the SA node). The cardiac impulse is delayed slightly at the AV node, allowing the ventricles to contract just after the atria contract. |
| erythrocytes | red blood cells |
| leukocytes | White blood cells |
| low-density lipoprotein (LDL) | bad cholesterol |
| high-density lipoprotein (HDL) | blood fats that transport cholesterol out of the arteries |
| lungs | two large respiratory organs inside the chest where blood picks up oxygen and loses carbon dioxide |
| larynx | A rigid structure at the top of the trachea (so it is part of trachea, I assume) made completely out of cartilage. The larynx has three main functions: (1) its rigidness ensures that the trachea is held open (provides an open airway). (2) the epiglottis folds down to seal the trachea during swallowing, thus directing food the espohagus, and (3) this is where the vocal cords are found (voice production). |
| trachea | windpipe; tube through which air moves |
| bronchi | two short branches located at the lower end of the trachea that carry air into the lungs. |
| bronchioles | progressively smaller tubular branches of the airways |
| alveoli | thin-walled microscopic air sacs in the lungs where the exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide takes place |
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