Cox Physical Science Chapter 3 Force and Motion
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33 terms
English | Math / Symbols |
|---|---|
 Speed | distance travelled per unit time |
| Acceleration | a rate of change of velocity, the unit is m/s², a = f • m |
| Newton's First Law | an object at rest will stay at rest, an object that is moving will stay moving unless disturbed by an unbalenced force. |
| Newton's Second Law | f=ma, , the net force of an object is equal to the product of it's acceleration and mass, acceleration equals net force divided by mass |
| Newton's Third Law | for every action there is an equal and opposite reaction |
| kinetic energy | the energy a moving object has because of its motion |
| potential energy | stored energy due to position |
| elastic potential energy | energy stored by something that can stretch or compress |
| chemical potential energy | energy stored in chemical bonds |
| gravitational potential energy | energy stored by objects due to their position above Earth's suface |
| mechanical energy | the total amount of potential and kinetic energy in a system |
| Law of Conservation of Energy | the law that states energy cannot be created or destroyed |
| fission | the splitting of atoms which releases tremendous amounts of energy and is used to start the chain reaction of an atomic explosion |
| gravity | a force of attraction between objects that is due to their masses, 9.8 |
| force | a push or pull exerted on an object. |
| motion | The state in which one object's distance from another is changing. |
| acceleration | an object will have a greater _________________ if a greater force is applied to it |
| mass | The ___________ of an object and the force applied to it affects acceleration |
| friction | the force that opposes the motion of one surface as it moves across another surface, force that opposes motion between two surfaces that are touching each other |
| microwelds | areas where surface bumpers stick together, are the source of friction |
| static friction | friction between two surfaces that are not moving past each other |
| kinetic friction | force that opposes the motion of two surfaces sliding past each other |
| rolling friction | friction between a rolling object and the surface its rolling on |
| air resistance | opposes the motion of objects that move through the air |
| shape, size, speed | The amount of air resistance depends on an objects _______, ________, and _________ |
| Law of Gravitation | any two masses exert an attractive force on each other |
| gravitational force | one of the four basic forces that also include electromagnetic force, the strong nuclear force, and the weak nuclear force |
| fundamental | Gravity is a _____________ force that gives the universe its structure |
| acceleration of gravity | all objects will fall with the same acceleration regardless of mass |
| decreases | Weight _____________ as an object moves away from Earth |
| projectile | have horizontal and vertical velocities due to gravity, and follow a curved path |
| centripetal acceleration | acceleration toward the center of a curved path, caused by centripetal force, and unbalanced force |
| centripetal force | any force that causes an object to move in a circular path |
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