AP Human Geo Chapter 9&11 Vocab
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Created by:
Joshmustbedestroyed on April 4, 2012
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40 terms
Terms | Definitions |
|---|---|
 development | the process of improving the material conditions of people through diffusion of knowledge and technology |
| factors of development | economic, social, demographic |
| GDP (Gross Domestic Product) | the value of the total output of goods and services produced in a countrym normally during a year |
| primary sector | get raw materials from natural resources ex. mining, agriculture, raising livestock, etc. |
| secondary sector | makes products from the raw materials ex. cereal, clothes, steel, etc. |
| tertiary sector | helps people to buy and sell products; provides service that use products ex. stores, transportation, government |
| quaternary sector | invent new products; do research to produce new ideas; discover new ideas in science ex. inventors, science labs, universities, etc. |
| quinary sector | executive decision makers ex. CEO's |
| productivity | the value of a particular product compared to the amount of labor needed to make it |
| social indicators of development | schools, hospitals, welfare services |
| demographic indicators of development | infant mortality rate, natural increase rate, crude birth rates |
| self sufficiency | balanced growth |
| more developed country (MDC) | has progressed further along the development continuum |
| less developed country (LDC) | the country has made some progress and expects to continue |
| value added | the gross value of the product minus the costs of raw materials and energy |
| literacy rate | the percentage of a country's people who can read and write |
| structural adjustment programs | economic policies that create conditions encouraging international trade |
| human development index (HDI) | calculates development in terms of human welfare rather than money or productivity and was created by the United Nations |
| Gender-Related Development Index (GDI) | combines the same indicators of development used in the HDI adjusted to reflect differences inteh accomplishments and conditions of men and women |
| Gender Empowerment Measure (GEM) | the degree of economic and political power held by women |
| situation factors | decisions about industrial location that attempt ot minimize transportation costs |
| bulk-reducing industry | the final product weighs less than the inputs |
| bulk-gaining industry | makes something that gains volume or weight during production |
| break-of-bulk point | a location where transfer among transportation modes is possible |
| intensive industry | labor cost is a high percentage of expense |
| footloose industry | can locate in a wide variety of places without a significant change in their cost of transportatiion, land, labor, and capital |
| new international division of labor | the selective transfer of some jobs to LDC's |
| maquiladora | US company's plants that make finished goods from materials shipped from the US and then ship them, finished, back to the US |
| cottage industry | home based manufacturing |
| agglomeration economies | sharing of services with other companies that are available at major markets |
| ancillary activities | surround and support large-scale industry |
| cumulative causation | continued growth from the ancillary activities |
| deglomaration | firm leaving an agglomerated region to start in a distant, new place |
| site factors | labor, land, and capital |
| labor-intensive industries | the highest percentage of expenses are the cost of employees |
| right-to-work laws | require factories to maintain an "open shop" and prohibit a "closed shop" |
| Fordist | assigned each worker a specific task in mass production industry |
| Post-Fordist | production with skilled workers characterized by teams working together, problem solving through concensus, and factory workers being treated alike regardless of their level |
| just-in-time delivery | shipment of parts and materials to a factory immediately before they are needs |
| trading bloc | industrial competition between certain regions |
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