Cell structure
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Created by:
conichismechian on April 4, 2012
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27 terms
Terms | Definitions |
|---|---|
 Procaryotic cell | Does NOT contain a nucleus (sructurally simple, yet diverse biochemically), foind in bacteria and cyanobacteria |
| eukaryotic cell | cell with a nucleus (surrounded by its own membrane) and other internal organelles |
| plasma membrane | a phospholipid bilayer that surrounds a cell and serves as a barrier between the cell and its surroundings |
| phospholipid bilayer | plasma membrane layers composed of phospholipid molecules arranged with polar heads facing the outside and nonpolar tails facing the inside. |
| golgi apparatus | stack of membranes in the cell that modifies, sorts, and packages proteins from the endoplasmic reticulum |
| smooth endoplasmic reticulum | Membrane that manufactures lipids and performs other chemical reactions |
| rough endoplasmic reticulum | processes and transports proteins made at attached ribosomes; synthesizes phospholipids |
| cytoplasm | a jellylike fluid inside the cell in which the organelles are suspended |
| mytochondria | organelles inside a cell that break down food and release energy |
| nucleus | contains DNA |
| lysosome | a cell organelle that contains digestive enzymes |
| flagellum | a long, hairlike structure that grows out of a cell and enables the cell to move |
| ribosomes | make proteins |
| pili | short, thick outgrowths that allow prokaryotes to attach to other cells |
| cell wall | supports and protects the cell |
| binary fission | a form of asexual reproduction in single-celled organisms by which one cell divides into two cells of the same size |
| mitosis | process by which the nucleus and duplicated chromosomes of a cell divide and are evenly distributed, forming two daughter nuclei |
| meiosis | process by which the number of chromosomes per cell is cut in half through the separation of homologous chromosomes in a diploid cell |
| interphase | cell grows, performs its normal functions, and prepares for division; consists of G1, S, and G2 phases |
| anaphase | the third phase of mitosis, during which the chromosome pairs separate and move toward opposite poles |
| methaphase | sister chromatids, centromere |
| telophase | the final stage of meiosis or mitosis, in which the separated chromosomes reach the opposite poles of the dividing cell and the nuclei of the daughter cells form around the two sets of chromosomes |
| prophase | first and longest phase of mitosis, during which the chromosomes become visible and the centrioles separate and take up positions on the opposite sides of the nucleus |
| difussion | movement from an area of higher concentration to an area of lower concentration |
| osmosis | the diffusion of water molecules through a selectively permeable membrane |
| endocytosis | the process by which a cell membrane surrounds a particle and encloses the particle in a vesicle to bring the particle into the cell |
| exocytosis | the process by which a substance is released from the cell through a vesicle that transports the substance to the cell surface and then fuses with the membrane to let the substance out |
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