| Term | Definition |
|---|
| nutrition | a source of materials to nourish the body |
| excretion | the bodily process of discharging waste matter |
| respiration | the metabolic processes whereby certain organisms obtain energy from organic moelcules |
| sensitivity | the ability to respond to affective changes in your interpersonal environment |
| reporduction | something made by copying an original; duplicate |
| growth | the gradual beginning or coming forth |
| movement | a euphemism for defecation |
| plant cell | A small living part of a multicellular organism that makes its own food in chloroplast and reproduces sexually or asexually. |
| animal cell | A small living part of a multicellular organism that eats to gain energy and reproduces sexually. |
| cell membrane | a thin membrane around the cytoplasm of a cell |
| plasma membrane | a thin membrane around the cytoplasm of a cell |
| cell wall | a thin membrane around the cytoplasm of a cell |
| cellulose | a polysaccharide that is the chief constituent of all plant tissues and fibers |
| cytoplasm | the protoplasm of a cell excluding the nucleus |
| organelle | a specialized part of a cell |
| vacuole | a tiny cavity filled with fluid in the cytoplasm of a cell |
| cell sap | a solution of sugars, amino acids and many other substances, found in the vacuoles of plant cells |
| chloroplast | plastid containing chlorophyll and other pigments |
| chlorophyll | any of a group of green pigments found in photosynthetic organisms |
| photosynthesis | synthesis of compounds with the aid of radiant energy (especially in plants) |
| nucleus | a part of the cell containing DNA and RNA and responsible for growth and reproduction |
| chromosomes | threadlike structures made of DNA molecules that contain the genes |
| cell | (biology) the basic structural and functional unit of all organisms |
| tissue | a part of an organism consisting of an aggregate of cells having a similar structure and function |
| organ | group of tissues that work together to perform closely related functions |
| organ system | group of organs that work together to perform a specific function |
| organism | a living thing that has (or can develop) the ability to act or function independently |
| cilia | eyelash |
| root hair cell | Long and narrow. Increases surface area to voleme ratio of cell resulting water and mineral salts efficiently absorbed from soil. |
| xylem | the woody part of plants: the supporting and water-conducting tissue, consisting primarily of tracheids and vessels |
| phloem | (botany) tissue that conducts synthesized food substances (e.g., from leaves) to parts where needed |
| diffusion | the act of dispersing or diffusing something |
| osmosis | diffusion of molecules through a semipermeable membrane from a place of higher concentration to a place of lower concentration until the concentration on both sides is equal |
| concentration gradient | the path molecules travel when an imbalance between separated molecule concentrations exists |
| molecules | The smallest particle of a substance that retains the chemical and physical properties of the substance and is composed of two or more atoms; a group of like or different atoms held together by chemical forces |
| atoms | the smallest unit of matter that has the characteristics of an element; consists of three main types of subatomic particles: protons neutrons and electrons. |
| solute | the dissolved substance in a solution |
| solvent | a statement that solves a problem or explains how to solve the problem |
| solution | a method for solving a problem |
| permeable membrane | a membrane that allows for diffusion of certain solutes and water |
| water potential | The physical property predicting the direction in which water will flow governed by solte concentration and applied pressure. |
| passive transport | transport of a substance across a cell membrane by diffusion |
| active transport | transport of a substance (as a protein or drug) across a cell membrane against the concentration gradient |
| facilitated transport | The spontaneous passage of molecules and ions, bound to specific carrier proteins, across a biological membrane down their concentration gradients. It moves from high to low concentration. |
| protein | any of a large group of nitrogenous organic compounds that are essential constituents of living cells |
| germination | the origin of some development |
| fermentation | a chemical phenomenon in which an organic molecule splits into simpler substances |
| metabolic reaction | body produces and removes chemicals |
| polysaccharide | any of a class of carbohydrates whose molecules contain chains of monosaccharide molecules |
| mitochondria | the organelles in which nutrients are converted to energy |
| aerobic respiration | Glucose + Oxygen -> Carbon Dioxide + water + energy (1 glucose burnt releases energy equivalent to 100 ATP) |
| turgid | abnormally distended especially by fluids or gas |
| water potential | The physical property predicting the direction in which water will flow governed by solte concentration and applied pressure. |
| flaccid | lacking firmness or stiffness |
| plasmolysis | when a cell is in a hypertonic environment, the cell will lose water to its surroundings, shrink, and its plasma membrane will pull away from the wall |
| enzymes | proteins that act as biological catalysts |
| catalyst | something that causes an important event to happen |
| substrate | the substance acted upon by an enzyme or ferment |
| product | a chemical substance formed as a result of a chemical reaction |
| reactant | a chemical substance that is present at the start of a chemical reaction |
| active site | the part of an enzyme or antibody where the chemical reaction occurs |
| blinding site | is a region on a protein, DNA |
| pH | (chemistry) p(otential of) H(ydrogen) |
| acid | street name for lysergic acid diethylamide |
| base | a support or foundation |
| neutral | one who does not side with any party in a war or dispute |
| temperature | the degree of hotness or coldness of a body or environment (corresponding to its molecular activity) |
| kinetic theory | (physics) a theory that gases consist of small particles in random motion |
| secretion | a functionally specialized substance (especially one that is not a waste) released from a gland or cell |
| amylase | any of a group of proteins found in saliva and pancreatic juice and parts of plants |
| protease | any enzyme that catalyzes the splitting of proteins into smaller peptide fractions and amino acids by a process known as proteolysis |
| lipase | an enzyme secreted in the digestive tract that catalyzes the breakdown of fats into individual fatty acids that can be absorbed into the bloodstream |
| pectinase | Any enzyme that breaks down pectin, a polysaccharide substrate found in the cell wall of plants, into simple sugars and galacturonic acid. |
| isomerase | an enzyme that catalyzes its substrate to an isomeric form |
| catalase | enzyme found in most plant and animal cells that functions as an oxidative catalyst |
| denature | modify (as a native protein) especially by heat, acid, alkali, or ultraviolet radiation so that all of the original properties are removed or diminished |
| biological washing powders | substances made up of an aggregation of small particles, as that obtained by grinding or trituration of a solid drug. In pharmacy it is a form in which substances are administered. |
| scanning electron microscope | An electron microscope used to study the fine details of cell surfaces |
| transmission electron | Extreme detail inside the cell. |
| microscope | magnifier of the image of small objects |
| compound light microscope | microscope that allows light to pass through a specimen and uses two lenses to form an image |
| stereoscope/dissection | an optical device for viewing stereoscopic photographs |
| microscope | magnifier of the image of small objects |
| visking tubing | Science: physics) The opening in an optical system which restricts the size of the bundle of rays incident on a given surface. (Usually circular and specified by diameter.) |
| total magnification | ocular lens x objective lens |
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