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WHAT IS MS? MULTIPLE SCLEROSIS 3 THINGS ON MULTIPLE SCLEROSIS (MS) 1. IN CNS 2. DEMYLENATES AXONS OF OLIGODENDROCYTES 3. IT IS AN AUTOIMMUNE DISEASE 1 OLIGODENDROCYTE CAN _____ SEVERAL AXONS OF NEURONS. MYLENATE WHAT CAUSES DEMYLENATION OF OLIDENDROCYTES ? MULTIPLE SLCEROSIS MS IS A DISEASE OF WHAT NERVOUS SYSTEM? ... WE ONLY GET AP AT _______. THE NODES OF RANVIER NA+ DIFFUSES ____________ TO THE NEXT NODE OF RANVIER, THROUGH THE____________. INSIDE THE AXON, CYTOPLASM WHAT HAPPENS AT THE NODES WITH NA+? IT DIFFUSES IN NA+ DIFFUSION ALONG AXON IS _________ THAN AP WOULD BE. (AS LONG AS DISTANCE IS SHORT FROM NODE TO NODE) FASTER WITH MS, NA+ DIFFUSES VERY SLOWLY ALONG THE AXON. T/F TRUE WHAT IS NEEDED IN ORDER TO KEEP THE TRANSMISSION OF THE ACTION POTENTIAL? WE NEED SEPARATION OF CHARGES WHEN YOU WRAP/MYLENATE SOMETHING THE + WILL BE FURTHER AWAY. T/F TRUE WITH OLIGODENDROCYTES, WHERE THE MYLENATION SHOULD HAVE BEEN, THERE IS NO SEPARATION OF CHARGES, THEREFORE WE HAVE A VERY SLOW AP. TRUE WHAT KIND OF CHANNELS DO WE HAVE AT THE AXON TERMINALS? CA++ CHANNELS WHAT HAPPENS AT THE AXON TERMINALS AND CA++ CA++ DIFFUSES IN ONCE IN THE AXON TERMINAL, WHAT DOES THE CA++ DO? IT CAUSES THE NT TO BE RELEASED INTO THE SYNAPTIC CLEFT. THE NT COULD EITHER ________ OR ______ A POST SYNAPTIC ACTION POTENTIAL STIMULATE, INHIBIT WHAT IS THE CHEMICAL THAT OPENS UP THE POST SYNAPTIC CHANNEL? THE NEUROTRANSMITTER WE DO NOT ALWAYS WANT TO STIMULATE AN ACTION POTENTIAL. T/F TRUE ACH IS EXCITATORY OR INHIBITORY ? EXICTATORY GABA IS EXICTATORY OR INHIBITORY? INHIBITORY CHARACTERISTICS OF GABA. LIST 3 1. NO ACTION POTENTIAL 2. OPENS UP CL- CHANNELS 3. HYPERPOLARIZES MEMBRANE OF AXON HILLOCK CHARACTERISTICS OF ACH. LIST 3 1. WE GET ACTION POTENTIAL 2. OPENS UP NA+ CHANNELS 3. DEPOLARIZES MEMBRANE OF AXON HILLOCK THE NT (ACH OR GABA) THAT IS RELEASED THE MOST WINS OUT. T/F TRUE IF WE HAVE MORE ACH, WE OPEN UP MORE OF WHAT TYPE OF CHANNELS? AND WHAT HAPPENS NEXT? NA+, NA+ RUSHES IN. WHAT DOES NA+ ACTUALLY DO? IT DEPOLARIZES CELL BODY AND DENDRITES TOWARDS 0 (ZERO), SO IT IOENS UP NA+ CHANNELS IN AXON HILLOCK TO OPEN, IT BRINGS IT TO -55 AND WE GET ACTION POTENTIAL. IF WE OPEN UP MORE CL- CHANNELS, AND GABA WINS, WE _____________ THE MEMBRANE. THE MEMBRANE BECOMES MORE __________, AND WE DONT BRING THE HILLOCK TO _____________. SO WE DONT GET A _________. HYPERPOLARIZE, NEGATIVE, THRESHOLD, ACTION POTENTIAL