Histology
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Created by:
scottalexander on April 4, 2012
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40 terms
Terms | Definitions |
|---|---|
 epithelium | a sheet of cells that covers a body surface or lines a body cavity |
| apical surface | upper free surface exposed to the body exterior or the cavity of an internal organ |
| basal surface | surface exposed to the superficial surface of external organs and the deep surface of the epidermis |
| microvilli | fingerlike extensions of the plasma surface |
| cilia | tiny hairlike projections that propel substances along their free surface |
| basal lamina | noncellular adhesive sheet made of glycoproteins that determines which molecules are allowed to enter the epithelium |
| reticular lamina | just deep of the basal lamina, belongs to connective tissue |
| basement membrane | reinforces epithelial sheet, resists stretching and tearing, defines epithelial boundary |
| simple epithelia | consists of a single cell layer, found where absorption, secretion, and filtration occur |
| stratified epithelia | consists of two or more cell layers, common in high abrasion areas where protection is important(skin, mouth lining) |
| squamous cells | flattened and scale-like cells |
| cuboidal cells | box-like cells |
| columnar cells | tall and column-shaped |
| endothelium | simple squamous epithelia that provides slick, friction reducing lining in lymphatic vessels and in all hollow organs of the cardiovascular system |
| mesothelium | simple squamous epithelia found in serous membranes lining the ventral body cavity and covering its organs |
| simple squamous epithelium | this is found where filtration and the exchange of substances by diffusion is a priority, cells flattened laterally |
| simple cuboidal epithelium | the function of this is absorption and secretion, single layer of cells as tall as they are wide |
| simple columnar epithelium | lines the digestive tract from the stomach through the rectum, important for absorptions and secretion, single layer of tall, closely packed cells |
| stratified squamous epithelium | functions as a protective surface, cells are constantly being replaced by division of it's basal cells |
| connective tissue | functions as binding and support, protection, insulation, and transportation |
| ground substance | unstructured material that fills the space between the cells and contains the fibers |
| collagen fibers | extremely tough and provide high tensile strength, made from collagen protein |
| elastic fibers | found where elasticity is needed(skin, lungs, blood vessel walls), fibers stretch and recoil |
| reticular fibers | supports soft tissue of organs, allows more give than other collagen fibers |
| macrophages | central actors in the immune system, phagocytize foreign material |
| loose areolar connective tissue | gel-like matrix with all three fiber types; cells: fibroblasts, macrophages, mast cells, white blood cells |
| adipose tissue | provides reserve food fuel; insulates against heat loss; supports and protects organs; found under skin in hypodermis, within abdomen, in breasts |
| brown adipose tissue | fat cells that use lipid fuels to heat the bloodstream to warm the body |
| dense regular connective tissue | poorly vascularized, makes up tendons and most ligaments |
| dense irregular connective tissue | found in the skin as the leathery dermis, made of thick collagen fibers arranged irregularly |
| elastic connective tissue | found in large arteries, allows recoil of tissue following stretching |
| cartilage | has qualities between dense connective tissue and bone, is avascular, lacks nerve fibers |
| hyaline cartilage | supports and reinforces, has resilient cushioning properties, resists compressive stress |
| elastic cartilage | maintains the shape of a structure while allowing great flexibility |
| fibrocartilage | tensile strength with the ability to absorb compressive shock |
| bone | supports and protects body structures, rigid, provides cavities for fat storage and blood synthesis |
| blood | consists of cells in plasma, transports nutrients throughout the body |
| cardiac muscle tissue | short, branched, striated, single nucleas, connected by intercalated discs |
| skeletal muscle tissue | long, cylindrical, striated, multinucleate |
| smooth muscle tissue | short, spindle shaped, non-striated, single central nucleas |
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