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population density number of individuals per unit area arithmetic population The population of a country or region expressed as an average per unit area. The figure is derived by dividing the population of the areal unit by the number of square kilometers or miles that make up the unit. physiological population density the number of people per unit of area of arable land population distribution how population is spread out in an area dot map maps where one dot represents a certain number of a phenomenon such as population megalopolis a very large urban complex (usually involving several cities and towns) census a period count of the population doubling time the time required for a population to double in size population explosion the rapid growth of teh world's human population during the past century natural increase Crude death rate subtracted from crude birthrate crude birth rate the number of live births yearly per thousand people in a population crude death rate The number of deaths per year per 1,000 people. demographic transition change in a population from high birth and death rates to low birth and death rates stationary population level the level at which a national population ceases to grow population composition structure of a population in terms of age, sex and other properties, education population pyramids visual representation of the age and sex composition of a population graph infant mortatlity rate annual # of deaths of infants under age 1 per 1000 live births child mortality rate the number of children that die within their first to fifth years in a population life expectancy an expected time to live as calculated on the basis of statistical probabilities AIDS a serious (often fatal) disease of the immune system transmitted through blood products especially by sexual contact or contaminated needles chronic diseases Generally long-lasting afflictions now more common because of higher life expectancies. expansive population policies government policies that encourage large families and raise the rate of population growth eugenic population policies government policies designed to favor one racial sector over others restrictive population policies reduce the rate of natural increase through forms of restrictive population policies