Important US Court Cases
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juliaskyef on April 5, 2012
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cards include a summary of case and in caps the one thing you really have to know.
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16 terms
Terms | Definitions |
|---|---|
 marbury v madison 1803 | james madison refused to submit leftover applications from his predecessor, john adams. one of the men whose application was voided, william marbury, sued madison. he wanted the supreme court to issue a writ of mandamus to madison. the courts decided that the judiciary act of 1789, which created writ of mandamuses, unconstitutional. JUDICIAL REVIEW |
| mcchulloch v maryland 1819 | a national bank was established in maryland and maryland created a tax on all unchartered banks in response. mccholloch, a bank worker there refused to pay. in the state court, maryland was upheld, but in the supreme court, justice john marshall decided that congress utilized the elastic clause, and it was constitutional. ELASTIC CLAUSE |
| gibbons v ogden 1824 | ogden violated a monopoly of gibbons' on the waterways, and gibbons appealed, saying that congressional boating licenses should overpower state laws. the state court upheld ogden, but the supreme court decided that because navigation is part of interstate commerce, national laws overpower them. NATIONAL LAWS > STATE LAWS |
| barron v baltimore 1833 | barron sued baltimore for violating the fifth amendment by taking property w/o compensation. he was awarded money in damages by state courts, but in the supreme court, it was found that the fifth amendment applies to the federal gov't and not state disputes. BILL OF RIGHTS APPLIES TO FEDERAL, NOT STATE, DISPUTES |
| dred scott v sandford 1857 | dred scott, a slave, lived in illinois and wisconsin, free states, and he wanted his freedom, but when he asked to buy it, he was refused. when he appealed to missouri courts, he was upheld, but when his slaveowner did, she was upheld. she was upheld again in state courts. the supreme court ruled that slaves can't become free by living in free states. SLAVES CAN'T BECOME FREE BY LIVING IN FREE STATES |
| korematsu v us 1944 | after WW2, korematsu sued to clear his name from being in the internment camps. the court decided again that the internment camps were constitutional. CIVIL RIGHTS CAN BE TAKEN AWAY FROM A GROUP OF PEOPLE |
| plessy v ferguson 1896 | plessy was 1/8 black but sat in a traincar for whites and was jailed. plessy sued justice ferguson, who sent him to jail, and lost in louisiana court. in the supreme court it was decided that if he is being given equal treatment in the black counterparts of white institutions, it is okay to be separate. this created the "separate but equal" laws. SEPARATE BUT EQUAL |
| brown v board of education 1954 | linda brown had to travel much farther to her designated "black" school than she would have to travel to the closest school, a "white" school. her father and the naacp sued the board of education and lost in the first court, but in the supreme court nullified the "separate but equal" doctrine. this initiated integration of schools. SEPARATE BUT EQUAL IS NOT OK AND SCHOOLS INTEGRATE |
| tinker v des moines ISD 1965 | john tinker and his sister were sent home from school for wearing armbands protesting the vietnam war. their parents sued and lost in the district court, but in the supreme court voted that their first amendment rights were protected. CHILDREN HAVE THE FIRST AMENDMENT RIGHTS, TOO |
| new jersey v tlo 1985 | a student, tlo, was found with illegal drugs inside her purse when her vice principal searched it. she was found guilty in the district court, but she was found innocent in the state supreme court because the vice principal violated the fourth amendment that protects citizens from search and seizure. it was taken to the supreme court, which ruled in favor of new jersey because teachers have the responsibility of disciplining their students. they ruled that if school officials have reasonable suspicion, they can conduct a search. SCHOOL OFFICIALS CAN SEARCH STUDENTS |
| gideon v wainwright 1963 | gideon was charged for breaking and entering in a florida state court. he couldn't afford a defense attorney, and asked for one, but was denied. he sent a in forma pauperis document to the supreme court, who agreed to take the case. the supreme court ruled that anyone in need of defense should get it. ANYONE ON TRIAL DESERVES A DEFENSE LAWYER |
| miranda v arizona 1966 | ernesto miranda was charged and convicted of rape and kidnapping. when he was interrogated, he wasn't told the consequences of answering the questions and he wasn't told that he could ask for a lawyer. the supreme court ruled that miranda's confession was illegally obtained. RIGHT TO REMAIN SILENT + SUSPECTS MUST BE INFORMED OF THEIR RIGHTS |
| weeks v us 1914 | fremont weeks was arrested after the police searched his house to prove he was transporting lottery tickets through the mail. the supreme court ruled in favor of weeks because the police violated the fourth amendment. WARRANTS ARE REQUIRED FOR ONE TO SEARCH AND SEIZE ITEMS |
| mapp v ohio | police forced themselves into dollree mapp's home to find a fugitive without a warrant. the supreme court ruled in favor of mapp. WARRANTS ARE REQUIRED |
| griswold v connecticut 1965 | griswold was convicted in connecticut for giving counseling on contraceptives. the supreme court ruled that the connecticut law prohibiting contraceptives violated the furst, third, fourth, and ninth amendments that give a right to privacy in marital relations. MARITAL RELATIONS ARE PROTECTED BY THE 14TH AMENDMENT. |
| roe v wade 1973 | a texas law prohibited legal abortions except in the case of saving a woman's life. in a class action case representing all women who wanted legal abortions, jane roe sued henry wade, the the texas attorney general, the lower court ruled for roe, and the supreme court ruled for roe, but for different reasons: privacy, and the woman's right to decide to get an abortion without state interference. ABORTIONS ARE A RIGHT OF ONE'S PRIVACY PROTECTED BY THE 14TH AMENDMENT. |
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