Term Quiz 2
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Created by:
tworkman89 on September 9, 2009
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Dr. Tranel
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79 terms
Terms | Definitions |
|---|---|
 Hem/o, Hemat/o | Blood |
| Hematology | The study of blood and blood-forming tissues, and the disorders associated with them |
| Dys- | Difficult, painful, bad |
| Dysphagia | Condition in which swallowing is difficult or painful |
| Dysplasia | Condition of abnormal tissue development |
| Som/a, somat/o, -some | Body |
| Somatic | relating to the trunk, the wall of the body cavity, or to the body in general |
| Lysosome | Membrane-bound cytoplasmic organelle which contains hydrolytic enzymes |
| Reticul/o | Network |
| Reticulocyte | An immature red blood cell with a network of precipitated basophilic material in the cytoplasm |
| Reticulum | A network of tubules or blood vessels |
| Poly- | Many |
| -cle, -ule, -ole, -cule | Diminutive, small in size |
| Corpuscle | A small rounded body, esp a blood cell |
| Venule | A tiny vein that drains blood from capillaries |
| Arteriole | A tiny artery that takes blood into capillaries |
| -ase | Denotes an enzyme |
| Cholinesterase | A family of enzymes capable of catalyzing the hydrolysis of acylcholines |
| Lipase | An enzyme capable of catalyzing the hydrolysis of lipids |
| Ton/o | Tone, tension |
| Atony | Relaxation, flaccidity, or lack of tone or tension |
| Phag/o, -phagy, -phagia, -phage | Eating, devouring |
| Phagocytosis | The process of ingestion and digestion of solid substances by cells |
| Hyperphagia | Overeating, in a single setting |
| -lytic | Pertaining to that which causes lysis or to the process of lysis |
| Hemolytic | Relating to that which is destructive to red blood cells |
| Thrombolytic | Describing an agent that breaks up blood clots |
| -lysis | Process of breaking down, decomposing, or loosening |
| Hemolysis | Destruction of red blood cells with liberation of hemoglobin into the surrounding medium |
| -trophy | Nourishment, development, or growth |
| Atrophy | Wasting away of a normally developed organ or tissue due to degeneration of cells caused by undernourishment, lack of use, or aging |
| -plasia | Process of cellular multiplication, formation |
| Hyperplasia | the increased production and growth of normal cells in a tissue or organ, resulting in an abnormal increase in size of the tissue or organ |
| -plasty | Process of shaping, or the surgical formation of a structure or part |
| Leuk/o, leuc/o | White |
| Leukocyte | a white blood cell |
| Leukoderma | An absense, either partial or total, of pigment in the skin |
| Erythr/o | Red |
| Erythrocyte | A red blood cell |
| -emia, cemia | Blood |
| Anemia | Any condition in which the red cell count, hemoglobin level, and/or hematocrit are less than normal |
| Corpus, Corpor/o | Body |
| Extracorporeal | Outside the body |
| Corpus | The principle part of any organ; any mass or body |
| Corpuscle | Any small rounded body; an encapsulated sensory nerve ending |
| Hydr/o | Water |
| Hydrocephalus | Condition marked by excessive accumulation of cerebrospinal fluid within the ventricles of the brain; sometimes the accumulated fluid leads to increased intracranial pressure |
| Glyc/o | Sweet, sugars in general |
| Glycolipid | A lipid containing a sugar molecule found in the myelin sheath of nerves |
| Glycolysis | The energy-yielding conversion of glucose to 2 pyruvic acid molecules in cells |
| Gluc/o | Glucose |
| Glucogenic | Giving rise to or producing glucose |
| Glucometer | A device used to measure levels of glucose in the blood, usually sampled by sticking the finger |
| a-, an- | Without, lack, no |
| Acardia | Congenital absense of the heart |
| Apnea | Temporary cessation of breathing |
| Anosmia | A loss of the sense of smell |
| Anoxemia | Insufficient oxygenation of the arterial blood |
| Hypo- | Below normal, under, deficient, beneath |
| Hypotonic | Describes a solution having a lower osmotic pressure than another solution; State of muscle having less tension than normal |
| Hypoxia | An oxygen deficiency, short of anoxia; decrease below normal levels of oxygen in inspired air |
| Hyper- | Above normal, beyond, excessive |
| Hypertrophy | Increase in the size of a tissue or organ due to growth rather than tumor formation; increase in size results from an increase in cellular components, NOT from an increase in cell number |
| Lip/o | Fat or lipid |
| Hyperlipemia | The presence of an abnormally high concentration of fats in the blood |
| Iso- | Equal |
| Isotonic | Describes a solution having the same osmotic pressure as another solution; having equal tension; type of muscular contraction in which shortening occurs while tension remains unchanged |
| Chrom/o, chromat/o | Color |
| Chromosome | Thread-like structures in the nucleus that contain genes; forms a darkly-staining body during cell division |
| Hypochromia | Condition in which the % of hemoglobin in the red blood cells is below the normal range |
| Plasm/o, plasm-, -plasm | The living substance of a cell; blood plasma |
| Cytoplasm | The substance of a cell, exclusive of the nucleus |
| Plasmolysis | Shrinking of cytoplasm in a living cell caused by loss of water by osmosis |
| Oxy-, ox/i | Sharp, acid, acute, or oxygen |
| Anoxia | Absence of oxygen from inspired gases, arterial blood, or tissues; often used incorrectly to indicate hypoxia |
| Oxidation | Process of combining oxygen with a substance; Loss of electrons in an atom, accompanied by increase in positive valence |
| Mono- | Single, one, alone |
| Monocyte | A type of white blood cell that is relatively large and contains a single oval-shaped nucleus; also called mononuclear leukocyte |
| Monoclonal | Arising from a single cell |
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