jc biology cell and microscope chapter 2

Terms	Definitions
ocular lens	eyepiece (magnifies 10x)
objective lenses	lenses of different powers (4x, 10x, and 40x)
body tube	maintains the correct distance between the ocular lens and the objectives
coarse-adjustment knob	moves the stage up and down to allow for focusing
fine-adjustment knob	moves the stage very slightly to bring the image into sharper focus
stage	supports a slide
stage clips	hold the slide in place for viewing
diaphragm	controls the amount of light coming through the stage
light source	provides light for viewing
arm	supports the body tube
base	heavy ______________ supports the microscope and stops it toppling over
nosepiece	holds the objective lenses rotates to engage required lens
nucleus	The center of the cell structure that contains the cell's genetic material (DNA) and controls the cell's activities.
cell membrane	controls what goes in and out of the cell
vacuole	Stores food, water, and waste
ribosome	___________ part of cell that makes proteins
chloroplast	organelle found in cells of plants that captures the energy from sunlight and converts it into energy.
mitochondria	Breaks down sugar, produces energy for the cell. Cellular respiration occurs here.
mitosis	_______________ is a process of cell division that forms two new nuclei, each of which has the same number of chromosomes as the parent cell
meiosis	in eukaryotic cells, type of cell division that produces four cells, each with half as many chromosomes as the parent cell
prokaryotic	no nucleus or organelles. All of these cells are bacteria.
eukaryotic	a nucleus and other membrane-bound organelles. E.G. unicellular (protists) or multicellular (fungi, plants and animals).
difference between plant cell and animal cell	plant cell: -thick rigid cell wall -boxy shape -has chloroplasts, green colour -large central vacuole 1 or 2 permament Animal cell: -no cell wall -no rigid shape (roundish) -no chloroplasts, brown colour melanin -small vacuoles many temporary
microscope	Instrument with a lens for making objects larger so that one can see things more clearly
cell theory	theory that states that all organisms are made of cells, all cells are produced by other living cells, and the cell is the most basic unit of life.
cell	the smallest unit that can perform all life's processes
unicellular	made up of one cell
multicellular	multiple cells
organ	a structure that carries out specialized jobs within an organ system
tissues	groups of cells that have similar abilities and that allow the organ to function, liquid blood lymph or solid dermal
organelles	tiny structure that carry out functions necessary for the cell to stay alive
binocular microscope	______________ has two ocular lenses. stereo microscopes have two objective lenses
slide	Small glass plate on which specimen are placed for viewing
coverslip	Small glass square used to cover the specimen on the slide
seeker	_________________ is an instrument used to lower a coverslip gently at an angle to allow air bubbles to excape
system	a _____________________a group of organs that have a common function. Examples: urinary system, respiratory system, and digestive system.