Nervous Tissue/CNS
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Created by:
brandonrosenstrauch on April 6, 2012
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Description:
Histology Spring 2012 - CSUS - Dr. R. Carter
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47 terms
Terms | Definitions |
|---|---|
 What cells/tissues are found in the CNS? | -neurons -glial cells -astrocytes -oligodendrocytes -microglia |
| What cells/tissues are found in the PNS? | -neurons -glial cells (capsule cells and schwann cells) -collagen -reticular fibers |
| CNS consists of what organs? | -brain -brain stem (medulla oblongata, pons, midbrain, diencephalon) -spinal cord |
| CNS consists of what general layers? | white matter and gray matter |
| White matter consists of | -nerve cell processes (axons) -glial cells -fibrous astrocytes -oligodendrocytes -microglia |
| Gray matter consists of | -nerve cell bodies -dendrites -axons -glial cells -protoplasmic astrocytes -oligodendrocytes -microglia |
| The term neuropil refers to | -portion of gray matter containing -numerous synapses and -felt work of nerve and glial cell processes (some axons in gray matter are myelinated) |
| Identify 3 layers of the cerebellar gray matter. | -molecular layer (most superficial) -perkinje cell layer -granular layer (most deep) |
| Molecular layer of cerebellum is: | Is located in gray matter and contains: 1. fan-shaped dendritic tree of Purkinje cells 2. some small neurons (stellate and basket cells - interneurons) 3. the terminations of cerebellar afferent axons |
| Perkinje cell layer is: | Is located in the gray matter of the cerebellar cortex Contains: 1. single row of large nerve cells whose -axons end in cerebellar nuclei -dendrites fan out into molecular layer |
| Granular layer of cerebellum is: | most deep layer in gray matter of cerebellar cortex Contains: 1. numerous granule cells (small neuons) -axons terminate in the molecular layer 2. glomeruli (islands of synapses within the granular layer) |
| Glomeruli are: | -islands of synapses (nerve endings?) within the granular layer (in this case I'm refering to the cerebellar cortex) |
| You can find granule cells in: | these ar found in the granular layer in the gray matter of the cerebellar cortex |
| Covering of the cerebrum: | pia mater |
| 3 regions of spinal cord gray matter: | -ventral horn -lateral horn -dorsal horn |
| Gray matter of spinal cord contains | Contains: cell bodies of sensory, motor, and associated neurons (interneurons) |
| interneurons of the CNS: | are small, locally-projecting neurons (vs. larger projection neurons with long-distance connections) -form connection between other neurons -are neither motor nor sensor neurons -are typically inhibitory neurons |
| central canal of spinal cord is lined with | ependymal epithelial cells |
| anterior horns are where... | large cell bodies of motor neurons are located |
| posterior horns are where... | smaller, sensory neurons are located |
| white matter of the spinal cord is composed of: | Composed of: -myelinated and nonmyelinated nerve fibers (axons) forming longitudinal fibers (funiculi) -neuroglia cells |
| In the spinal cord, the _____ matter surrounds the _____ matter. | The white matter surrounds the gray matter in the ______ |
| posterior horn receives information regarding: | touch and sensation |
| anterior horn contains ______ that affect the ______ | contains motor neurons that affect the axial muscles |
| in the cerebral cortex, the _____ matter surrounds the ____ matter | the gray matter surrounds the white matter |
| 5 parts of the cerebral cortex | 1. Sulcus (s.)/Sulci (pl.) - invaginations in the hemisphere 2. Gyrus (s.)/Gyri (pl.) - projection folds of the hemisphere 3. Cortex (gray matter) 4. White matter 5. Bundles of axons |
| the white matter of the cerebral cortex contains | contains: -myelinated and nonmyelinated fibers (spreading in all directions) -glial cells |
| the gray matter of the cerebral cortex contains | contains: -neurons -glial cells -fibers -blood vessels |
| The cerebral corex contains how many layers? | 6 |
| The layers of the cerebral cortex | from superficial to deep 1. Molecular layer 2. External Granular layer 3. External Pyramidal layer 4. Internal Granular layer 5. Internal Pyramidal, or Ganglionic layer 6. Multiform, or Polymorphic layer |
| Molecular layer of cerebral cortex is composed of: | composed of: -fibers originating from cells in the lower layers -a few neurons |
| External Granular layer of cerebral cortex is composed of: | composed of: -small, triangular nerve cell bodies |
| External Pyramidal layer of cerebral cortex is composed of: | composed of: -large pyramidal cells mixed with -small granule cells |
| Internal Granular layer of cerebral cortex is composed of: | composed of: -small stellate granule cells |
| Internal Pyramidal, or Ganglionic layer of cerebral cortex is composed of: | composed of: -large and medium-sized pyramidal cells |
| Multiform or Polymorphic layer of cerebral cortex is composed of: | composed of: -cells of diverse shapes and sizes |
| Name each layer of the cerebral cortex and what each contains. | 1. Molecular layer -fibers originating from cells in the lower layers -a few neurons 2. External Granular layer -small, triangular nerve cell bodies 3. External Pyramidal layer -large pyramidal cells mixed with -small granule cells 4. Internal Granular layer -small stellate granule cells 5. Internal Pyramidal, or Ganglionic layer -large and medium-sized pyramidal cells 6. Multiform, or Polymorphic layer -cells of diverse shapes and sizes |
| Betz cells | -the largest type of pyramidal cells in the cortex -located in the motor cortex |
| area between neurons and glial cells, which is the area filled by: | neuropil -area filled by glial cell processes, dendrites, and axonal processes of neurons |
| the PNS contains ___ and ___. | contains nerves and ganglia |
| anterograde | rapid transport of vesicles TO the axon terminals, along the microtubules |
| retrograde | rapid transport of vesicles FROM the axon terminals, along the microtubules |
| structures of neurons | 1. Multipolar . -located in CNS and autonomic ganglia 2. Bipolar . -associated with smell, hearing, and vision 3. Unipolar . -located in sensory ganglia |
| sizes of neurons | 1. Golgi Type I . -large cells, long axon (large pyramidal cells in cerebral cortex and cells of the anterior horn) 2. Golgi Type II . -small cells, short axon |
| dura mater (pachymeninx) | -outermost membrane of the meninges -tough, fibrous, relatively inelastic membrane |
| arachnoid | --middle membrane of the meninges Composed of: -a reticulate fiber network -trabeculae -a subarachnoid space |
| pia mater | -innermost membrane of the meninges -thin membrane -closely invests: . -the brain, extends into the depths of the cerebral sulci . -surrounds the entire spinal cord, extends into depths of the anterior median fissure |
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