Chapter 5 and 6 rocks
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Created by:
RacheleLaurenMiller on April 7, 2012
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34 terms
Terms | Definitions |
|---|---|
 3 types of rocks | igneous, sedimentary, metamorphic |
| extrusive (igneous) | fine grained due to rapid cooling examples pumice and obsidian |
| intrusive (igneous) | coarse grained due to slow cooling below the surface example: granite |
| magma | mix of molten rock,gases,mineral cyrstals most common elements in earths crust are also included in this (SiO2) heated to 800-1200 degrees celcius |
| rhyolitic magma | 70% SiO2 lightest in color thick and viscous exploes only after pressure build up |
| andesitic magma | 60% SiO2 moderate in color |
| basaltic magma | 50% SiO2 darkest in color very fluid flow from volcanoes |
| partial melting | the process by which different minerals in rock melt at different temperatures |
| felsic rocks | rhyolitic magma, high in silica, light in color, high in quartz and feldspar |
| intermediate rocks | andesitic magma, moderate silica, moderate color |
| mafic rocks | basaltic magma, low in silica, dark in color, contains iron magnessium pyroxene and olivene |
| porphyritic texture | fine and coarse due to it being in differnet parts of the earth leading to different sizes of grains |
| obsidian | black glass no cyrstals extrusive rock |
| pumice | 50% holes due to trapped gas rhyolitic magma floats |
| uses | buliding materials |
| weathering | The breaking down of rocks and other materials on the Earth's surface. |
| physical or mechanical weathering | Physical weathering (also known as mechanical weathering) breaks rocks down into smaller pieces without changing their chemical composition. |
| chemical weathering | the process by which rocks break down as a result of chemical reactions |
| erosion | The process by which wind, water, ice, or gravity transports soil and sediment from one location to another |
| deposition | the natural process of laying down a deposit of something |
| burial | covered by other sediments |
| lithification | The process that converts sediments into solid rock by compaction or cementation. |
| compaction | The process by which sediments are pressed together under their own weight. |
| cementation | The process in which minerals precipitate into pore spaces between sediment grains and bind sediments together to form rock. |
| layers of rocks | oldest on bottom newest on top |
| fossils | often in rocks and show about past |
| clastic rocks | formed from particles of rock produced by weathering and erosion of previously existing rock [from compaction or cementation] classified by coarse medium or fine grained |
| organic rocks | sedimentary rocks formed from the remains of plants and animals settle to bottom in ocean and mix with other remains |
| chemical rocks | form when minerals are precipitated from a solution or left behind when a solution evaporates |
| ripple marks | the recorded motion of wind or water in sedimentary rock same marks on both side mean ocean or lake on one side is river or stream |
| metamorphic rocks | formed from preexisting rock subjected to heat and pressure (rock is solid, but minerals break down, form, change shape) |
| foliated | Term used to describe metamorphic rocks whose grains are arranged in parallel layers or bands. |
| non-foliated | the metamorphic rock texture in which mineral grains are not arranged in planes or bands. |
| rock cycle | continual remaking of rocks and change into different rocks at anytime |
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