| Term | Definition |
| Rutherford B. Hayes | won the election of 1877 despite not winning the popular vote |
| tenant farmers | paid cash for the rental of land |
| sharecroppers | farmers who grew a crop on land owned by somebody else |
| debt peonage | system of forced labor in the south |
| scalawags | southern whites ho became republicans |
| carpet baggers | name for republicans who moved to the south after the civil war |
| freedman's bureau | started to provide aid to freed people and hold them make the adjustment to freedom |
| impeach | charge formally with wrongdoing in office |
| reconstruction | the period of U.S history in which the nation tried to adjust to the new conditions created by the civil war |
| 15th amendment | guarantied african americans rights in public places |
| 14th amendment | states that everyone born or naturalized in the U.S was a citizen and that no state could restrict his or her rights |
| andrew johnson | former vice president to abraham lincoln: president after Civil War |
| ku klux klan | organized that began as a social club in Tennessee; promised to defend the social and political superiority or whites |