1.
apoplast: continuum of cell walls and extracellular spaces
2.
apoplastic route: water moves along cell walls and extracellular spaces only
3.
apoplastic route, transmembrane route, symplastic route: three major pathways of short distance transport
4.
aquaporins: transport proteins for passage of water
5.
bulk flow: movement of water though the plant from regions of high pressure to regions of low pressure, means by which water moves through xylem and phloem tissue
6.
casparian strip: belt of waxy material, suberin (impermeable to water/dissolved minerals) that blocks passage of water and minerals forcing them to pass through a membrane and take a symplastic route
7.
endodermis: innermost layer of cells in the root cortex surrounding the stele and functions as last checkpoint for selective passage of minerals from cortex to vascular tissue
8.
leaf area index: ratio of total leaf area to total ground area
9.
long-distance transport: transport in xylem and phloem throughout the whole plant
10.
megapascals (MPa): unit for measuring water potential
11.
mycorrhizae: mutualistic fungi with roots that increase surface area for absorption of water and minerals esp. phosphate, increase volume of soil reached by plant, and increase transport to host plant
12.
phyllotaxy: arrangement of leaves on a stem, determined by shoot apical meristem
13.
plasmodesmata: cytoplasmic channels
14.
plasmolysis: occurs when there is not enough pressure potential, cell shrinks from cell wall
15.
protoplast: plant cell minus cell wall
16.
self-pruning: branches/leaves are shed by programmed cell death so that healthy leaf area index is maintained
17.
short-distance transport: cell to cell, loading of sugar from photosynthetic leaves into phloem sieve tubes
18.
solute potential of pure water: 0
19.
stele: another term for the vascular cylinder
20.
symplast: continuum of plant cell protoplasts as a result of plasmodesmata connecting them
21.
symplastic route: water moves through continuum of cytosol passing through plasmodesmata (only one plasma membrane crossing)
22.
transmembrane route: water moves out of one cell, across cell wall, and into neighboring cell (repeated plasma membrane crossing)
23.
transpiration: the loss of water vapor from the leaves and other parts of the plant that are in contact with the air
24.
turgor pressure: cell contents press the plasma membrane against the cell wall
25.
water potential equation: water potential = solute potential + pressure potential
26.
wilting: leaves and stem droop as a result of water loss, cells are flaccid
27.
xylem sap: water and minerals inside xylem
