Environmental Microbiology and Genetic Engineering~41
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17 terms
Terms | Definitions |
|---|---|
 polluted water | Water that contains obvious contaminates as indicated by its appearance, smell, etc. |
| contaminated water | Water that contains infectious microbes or toxic substances. |
| eutrophy | Changes in an area of water that render it hospitable to plant life and inhospitable to animal life, such as when microbes metabolize the available oxygen in a location. |
| biochemical oxygen | A chemical process that measures the oxygen demanded by organisms from a body of water; it is conducted by measuring how much oxygen is utilized from a water sample over time. |
| littoral zone | A segment of the ocean that is near the shoreline and contains most of the nutrients and microorganisms. |
| bethic zone | The general ocean floor where microbes live—but in lower numbers than in other parts of the ocean and in forms quite different from terrestrial organisms. |
| abyssal zone | Deep trenches in the ocean floor where microbes live—but in lower numbers than in other parts of the ocean and in forms quite different from terrestrial organisms. |
| Infectious agents in fresh water | V. cholera, legionella, E. coli, shigella, g. lamblia, cryptosporidium, E. hystolytica, adenovirus, rotavirus, poliovirus |
| infectious agents of marine water | dinoflagellates such as pfiesteria piscicida and hep A virus |
| water purification | Any process of cleaning water for use by humans, including the removal of gravel, harmful chemicals, and microbes by the use of filtration and chemical processes. |
| sewage treatment | A process that degrades and removes particulate matter from water and kills harmful microorganisms. |
| sludge | Solids left over after a water treatment. |
| liquid phase | A step in the sewage treatment process. |
| bioremediation | The use of living organisms as a remedy to an environmental problem, such as adding phosphorous and nitrogen to water contaminated with crude oil to encourage the growth of naturally occurring bacteria that degrade crude oil. |
| actinomycete | A group of Gram-positive bacteria that grow in a branching filament structure and are found in most soils, including deserts. |
| mycorrhizae | A fungal group that grows mutualistically with plant roots |
| lichens | Mutualistic groups of algae and fungi wherein fungi protect the algae and help them nutritionally, while the algae fix nitrogen from the air into forms used by fungi and also provide organic nutrients for the fungi. |
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