Ch 35: FDR & Shadow of War
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Created by:
htreasure16 on April 8, 2012
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31 terms
Terms | Definitions |
|---|---|
 london conference | In 1933, 66 nations sent delegates in hopes to solve the global depression. sought to stabilize nations' currencies and exchange rates. FDR agreed at first to send delegates but then realized if he did he wouldnt be able to inflate the dollar. Without support from the United States, the London Economic Conference fell apart. The collapse strengthened the global trend towards nationalism, while making international cooperation increasingly difficult. |
| increasing isolationism, | fdr withdrew from asia |
| Tydings-McDuffie Act in 1934 | Bowing to organized labor's demands of the exclusion of low-wage Filipino workers, Congress passed the __________, providing for the independence of the Philippines by 1946 (we didn't want to have to support them if japan attacked!) |
| good neighbor policy | renounced armed intervention in Latin America... The last marines left Haiti in 1934; Cuba, under the Platt Amendment, was released from American control; and the grip on Panama was relaxed in 1936. |
| 1933 recognition of SU by FDR | opened up trade and bolstered a friendly counter-weight to the possible threat of German power in Europe and Japanese power in Asia |
| Reciprocal Trade Agreements Act of 1934 | Designed to lower the tariff = relief and recovery. Secretary of State Hull succeeded in negotiating pacts with 21 countries by the end of 1939. These stated if the United States lowered its tariff, then the other country would do the same. With the Reciprocal Trade Agreements Act, the president was empowered to lower existing rates by as much as 50% provided that the other country involved would do the same. During these years of trade agreements, U.S. foreign trade increased dramatically. The act paved the way for the American-led free-trade international economic system that took shape after WWII |
| Rome-Berlin Axis | 1936, Nazi Hitler and Fascist Mussolini allied themselves |
| seeking power... | Japan terminated the Washington Naval Treaty and accelerated their construction of giant battleships. Mussolini, seeking power and glory in Africa, attacked Ethiopia in 1935. |
| Johnson Debt Default Act of 1934 | prevented countries in debt from borrowing from the US |
| Neutrality Acts of 1935, 1936, and 1937 | stated that when the president proclaimed the existence of a foreign war, certain restrictions would automatically go into effect. No American could legally sail on a belligerent ship, sell or transport munitions to a belligerent, or make loans to a belligerent. The Neutrality Acts were made to keep the United States out of a conflict. By declining to use its vast industrial strength to aid its democratic friends and defeat its totalitarian foes, the United States helped to provoke the aggressors. |
| Spanish Civil War of 1936-1939 | Spanish rebels, led by General Francisco Franco, rose against the left-wing Republican government in Madrid |
| Loyalist Regime | Franco (aided by Mussolini and Hilter!) undertook to overthrow the __________, which was assisted by the Soviet Union. Although it was legal for the United States to send aid to the Loyalist regime, the United States desperately wanted to stay out of war; Congress amended the existing neutrality legislation so as to apply an arms embargo to both Loyalists and rebels. |
| Panay | US gun ship sunk by Japan. Tokyo quickly apologized and US accepted |
| 1935, Hitler violated the Treaty of Versailles when... | he introduced mandatory military service in Germany. In 1936, he again violated the treaty when he took over the demilitarized German Rhineland |
| March 1938, Hitler invaded ______ | Austria. they actually voted to be occupied, bc they knew they would be taken over forcefully anyways if they didn't. same with Czech a year later |
| hitler-stalin pact | meant that Germany could make war on Poland and the Western democracies without fear of retaliation from the Soviet Union. |
| Poland cray cray times | Hitler demanded from Poland a return of the areas taken from Germany after WWI. After Poland failed to meet his demands, Hitler militarily invaded Poland on September 1, 1939. Britain and France, honoring their commitments to Poland, declared war on Germany; World War II had started!!! |
| Neutrality Act of 1937 | placed a arms trade embargo on Spain and extended the current embargo on Britain and France |
| Neutrality Act of 1939***** | stated that the European democracies could buy American war materials as long as they would transport the munitions on their own ships after paying for them in cash. America thus avoided loans, war debts, and the torpedoing of American arms-carriers. Overseas demand for war goods brought a sharp upswing from the recession of 1937-1938 and ultimately solved the decade-long unemployment crisis! in November 1941 to repeal the Neutrality Act of 1939, enabling merchant ships to be legally armed and enter the combat zones with munitions for Britain. |
| June 1940, france forced to surrender | Americans realized that England was all that stood between Hitler controlling all of Europe. Roosevelt called upon the nation to build huge airfleets and a two-ocean navy. Congress approved a spending of $37 billion |
| conscription law | under this measure, America's first peacetime draft was initiated-provision was made for training 1.2 million troops and 800,000 reserves each year. |
| Battle of Britain | raged in the air over the British Isles for months. During the Battle of Britain, radio broadcasts brought the drama from London air raids directly to America homes. Sympathy for Britain grew, but it was not yet sufficient to push the United States into war. Isolationists didnt want anything to do with it, starting "America First" committee. President Roosevelt agreed to transfer to 50 destroyers left over from WWI to Britain. In return, Britain agreed to hand over to the United States 8 valuable defensive base sites. Shifting warships from a neutral United States to Britain was a flagrant violation of the neutrality obligations. |
| Wendell L Willkie | ran against President Roosevelt. Willkie's great appeal lay in his personality. The Republican platform condemned FDR's alleged dictatorship, as well as the New Deal. Willkie was opposed not so much to the New Deal as to its extravagances and inefficiencies. |
| election of 1940 | Roosevelt challenged the sacred two-term tradition when he decided that in such a grave crisis he owed his experienced hand to the service of his country. Both presidential nominees promised to stay out of the war, and both promised to strengthen the nation's defenses. FDR won; voters generally felt that should war come, the experience of FDR was needed. |
| Lend-Lease Bill in 1941 | allowed for American arms to be lent or leased to the democracies of the world that needed them. When the war was over, the guns and tanks could be returned. Hitler recognized the Lend-Lease Bill as an unofficial declaration of war. Until then, Germany had avoided attacking U.S. ships.. te Robin Moor was then attacked |
| June 22, 1941, Hitler launched an attack on the Soviet Union | although pacted, neither trusted eachother. Hilter invaded to seize oil and then have 2 free hands to battle britain |
| Atlantic Charter | eight points from FDR and Churchill outlining the aspirations of the democracies for a better world at the war's end. The Atlantic Charter promised that there would be no territorial changes contrary to the wishes of the inhabitants; it affirmed the right of a people to choose their own form of government and to regain the governments abolished by the dictators; and it declared for disarmament and a peace of security, pending a new League of Nations. didnt rly do anything |
| Pear Harbor | On "Black Sunday" December 7, 1941, Japanese bombers attacked, killing 2,348 people. On December 11, 1941, Congress declared war. |
| four freedoms | freedom of speech, worship, want, fear |
| bracero program | mexican workers went to california to work in fruit and grain harvesting in the West |
| Zoot suit riots | series of riots erupting in Los Angeles btwn sailors + soldiers stationed in the city and mexican american youth gangs, recognized because of the suits they wore |
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