| Term | Definition |
|---|
| A. aferensis location | Eastern Africa |
| A. aferensis dates | 4-3 million years |
| A. aferensis cranial capacity | 375-425 cc |
| A. aferensis dentition | rounded dental arcade, 1/3 have large canine with diastema and simian shelf present |
| A. aferensis bipedalism | fully bipedal, but arms longer that legs with a divergent big toe |
| A. aferensis culture | osteodontokeratic |
| A. africanus location | Southern & Eastern Africa |
| A. africanus dates | 3-2 million years |
| A. africanus cranial capacity | 400-600 cc |
| A. africanus dentition | no large canine, no diastema, simian shelf present, V-shaped jaw |
| A. africanus bipedalism | fully bipedal, pelvis smaller & upright, parallel toes, developed arch in foot |
| A. africanus culture | osteodontokeratic, Raymond Dart postulated for this culture |
| A. boisei location | Eastern Africa |
| A. boisei dates | 2.5-1 million years |
| A. boisei cranial capacity | 510 cc |
| A. boisei dentition | Huge jaw, small incisors & canines, large molars & premolars, parabolic dental arcade, simian shelf present, sagittal crest, no diastema |
| A. boisei bipedalism | human like bipedalism, smaller in stature |
| A. boisei culture | osteodontokeratic |
| A. robustus location | South Africa |
| A. robustus dates | 2.5-1 million years |
| A. robustus cranial capacity | 510 cc |
| A. robustus dentition | Huge jaw, small incisors & canines, large molars & premolars, parabolic dental arcade, simian shelf present, sagittal crest, no diastema |
| A. robustus bipedalism | human like bipedalism, smaller in stature |
| A. robustus culture | osteodontokeratic |
| Homo habilis location | Eastern Africa |
| Homo habilis dates | 2.5-1.5 million years |
| Homo habilis cranial capacity | 800 cc |
| Homo habilis dentition | Short molars, small canines, simian shelf present, parabolic dental arcade |
| Homo habilis bipedalism | full biped, increased leg length, decreased arm length, shorter in stature |
| Homo habilis culture | Olduwan pebble culture |
| Homo erectus location | Africa, Asia, Europe |
| Homo erectus dates | Africa: 1.6-400,000 Asia: 1.5-200,000 Europe: 800,000-200,00 |
| Homo erectus cranial capacity | 900-1225 cc |
| Homo erectus dentition | parabolic jaw, simian shelf present |
| Homo erectus bipedalism | full bipedalism, Turkana boy |
| Homo erectus culture | Acheulian tools: hand axe culture, large game hunting, suggestion of communication, first to use fire, but not to make |
| Homo sapien location | Africa, Asian, Europe, Australia, North America |
| Homo sapien dates | Africa: 400,000 Asia: 200,000 Europe: 200,000 Australia: 60,000 North America: 27,000 |
| Homo sapien cranial capacity | 1250-1400 cc |
| Homo sapien dentition | parabolic jaw |
| Homo sapien bipedalism | fully bipedal, back problems, flat feet |
| Homo sapien culture | Art & Symbolism, first to intentionally bury dead, produced fire, use of language |
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