ARH 252 TEST 3

Terms	Definitions
catacombs	subterranean networks of rock-cut galleries and chambers used as cemeteries for the Christian dead
prefiguration	Old Testament figures that are prophetic of Jesus and events in New Testament
basilica	originated in Roman architecture and used as a public building for legal and other civic proceedings; was then incorporated in Christian architecture as a church that somewhat resembled the structure of its Roman counterpart. Both are rectangular in shape. -timber roof ceiling; common material for Early Christian churches
cruciform	cross shaped structure
nave	central aisle of a Roman or Christian basilica
apse	an alcove, usually semicircular, in the wall of a building, commonly found in a church and frames the altar.
clerestory	windows that form the nave's uppermost level below the timber ceiling or the vault. -allow light to pierce through the basilica -would have illuminated the mosaics and frescoes on the walls
nimbus	halo around holy figure to signify divinity
pendentives	concave, triangular sections that provide transition from square area to circular base of dome; essentially, they are support system for the dome -allow for windows at base; -creates impression that dome is suspended, not supported
icons	portrait or image of a sacred figure that serve as objects of worship
iconoclasm	destruction of religious or sacred images. Destroyers of image are referred to as iconoclasts.
iconophiles	lovers/supports of religious images
Theotokos	Greek for "she who bore God"; Virgin Mary
Pantokrator	Greek for "ruler of all". Image that depicts Christ as ruler and judge of heaven and earth.
iconostasis	Greek for "icon stand"; high screen or wall with tiers of icons.
Cloissoné	decorative metalwork technique that uses metal strips that are then filled with semiprecious stones or colored glass. Example: Purse Cover from Sutton Hoo
What is important about the city of Venice?	Hint: it is the link between the Eastern and Western halves of the Roman Empire. Remember, that it was closer to Rome, but had heavy influences from the Byzantine empire because of the city of Ravenna (Ravenna was a territory of Byzantine Empire). Venice is filled with Byzantine art and architecture.
Charlemange	...
Hagia Sophia	What is the most important Early Byzantine structure?
Basil I	What ruler is responsible for ending iconoclasm and bringing in the Middle Byzantine period?
Animal Head Post, from Viking ship burial, 9th century, Early Medieval
The Good Shepherd, the story of Jonah, and Orants, Rome, Italy, 4th century., Late Antiquity
Christ Seated, 350-375, Late Antiquity
Anthemius of Tralles and Isidorus of Miletus, Hagia Sophia (CHURCH OF HOLY WISDOM), Constantinople (present-day Istanbul), Turkey, 532-537, Early Byzantine
Carpet page, from Lindisfarne Gospels, 698-721, Early Medieval
Christ as Savior of Souls, 14th century, Late Byzantine
Christ as the Good Shepherd, Ravenna, Italy, 425, Late Antiquity
Equestrian portrait of Charlemagne, 9th century, Carolingian art
Interior of Palatine Chapel of Charlemagne, Aachen, Germany, 792-805, Carolingian
Justinian, Bishop Maximianus, and Attendants, San Vitale, Ravenna, Italy, 547, Early Byzantine
Virgin and Child Enthroned, apse mosaic from Hagia Sophia, Constantinople, Turkey, 867, Middle Byzantine
Mausoleum of Galla Placidia, Ravenna, Italy, 425, Late Antiquity
Otto III Enthroned, from Gospel Book of Otto III, 997-1000, Ottonian Art
Pantokrator, Theotokos and Child, Angels, and Saints, from Cathedral at Monreale (Sicily, Italy), 1180, Middle Byzantine
Purse Cover, from Sutton Hoo Ship Burial, 625, Early Medieval
Rebecca and Eliezer at the Well, from Vienna Genesis, 6th century, Late Antiquity
San Vitale, Ravenna, Italy, 526-547, Early Byzantine
Interior of Saint Mark's, Venice, Italy, begun 1603, Middle Byzantine
Westwork of the Abbey church at Corvey, Germany, 9th century, Carolingian