DIVE Biology Lesson 30
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25 terms
Terms | Definitions |
|---|---|
 scales | A series of overlapping rigid plates covering most fish. |
| mucus | A slimy substance secreted by glands under the scales of a fish. It forms a waterproof coating that protects the fish, and helps reduce friction as it swims through the water. |
| chromatophores | Pigmented cells that reflect light, and are used to color organisms such as fish and amphibians. |
| countershading | A form of camouflage in which the top and bottom are colored differently, which helps reduce visibility when viewed from either side. |
| olfactory sac | Small pouches used by fish to smell water, and anything dissolved in it. |
| spawn | The process of fish laying eggs. It also can refer to the young that hatch from these eggs. |
| cartilage | Stiff but flexible connective tissue. Found in humans and many animals, it forms the skeleton of sharks. |
| denticles | The body covering found on sharks, made up of tiny tooth-like structures that give it a sandpaper-like texture. |
| gill slits | A series of openings that lead to the chamber containing the gills. These are found in some jawless fish, and in cartilaginous fish, such as sharks. |
| anadromous | Fish that live in salt water, but migrate to freshwater to spawn, such as salmon. |
| amphibian | A class of vertebrates that undergo a metamorphose, from a water breathing form at birth, to an air breathing form as an adult. |
| hibernation | A state of reduced metabolic activity in animals, usually done in winter when food is scarce. By using food and energy at a greatly reduced rate, they can survive for days to months. |
| estivation | A period of inactivity that amphibians go through when temperatures get too high. To stay cool, they move to the bottom of a pond, burrow into the mud, or find a cool place to hide. |
| nicitating membrane | A transparent or translucent third eyelid present in some animals that can be drawn across the eye for protection and to moisten the eye while also keeping visibility. |
| tympanic membrane | Sometimes referred to as the eardrum, it is a membrane that transmits vibrations in the ear. |
| eustachian tube | A tube that connects the middle ear cavity to the throat. |
| gullet | A passage that takes food to the digestive tract. |
| trachea | A tube that connects the lungs to the mouth or throat. |
| fat bodies | A mass of fatty tissue that frogs use as an energy reserve, and for buoyancy. |
| amniotic egg | An egg in which the embryo is protected by a hard or leathery shell. |
| scute | Scales found on the underside of a snake that aid in movement by helping it grip the ground. |
| Jacobson's organs | An organ that aids in the sense of smell, especially in snakes. |
| quadrate bone | The bone that connects a snake's lower jaw to its skull, which functions as a hinge, allowing the mouth to open extremely wide. |
| neurotoxin | A fast-acting toxin that specifically targets the nervous system, causing paralysis. |
| hemotoxin | A slower-acting toxin that destroys red blood cells, damages blood vessels, and disrupts clotting. It can be more deadly to large animals than a neurotoxin. |
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