Pharmaco Ch. 16: Recombinant Drugs & Chemotherapy
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NathanSingley on April 9, 2012
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41 terms
Terms | Definitions |
|---|---|
 Amino Acid | Basic unit of a protein molecule; there are 20 different types of these used in proteins, each having a specific set of shape, electrical charge, & water or fat affinity characteristics. |
| Antirejection Drug | Drug that prevents the body from rejecting foreign solid organ transplants. |
| B Cell | Antibody-producing lymphocyte involved in humoral (bodily fluid) immunity. |
| Biologic-Response Modifiers | Drugs that alter the expression & response to surface antigens & enhance immune cell activities in ways that promote destruction of human malignancies. |
| Biotechnology | Application of biologicy systems & organisms for agricultural, industrial, or medical purposes. |
| Cellular (Cell-Mediated) Immunity | Specific response to antigens that is mediated primarily by T lymphocytes & macrophages. |
| Cloning | Reproducing identical copies of a gene by DNA technology. |
| Colony-Stimulating Factor (CSF) | Chemical that stimulates the bone marrow to produce blood cells. |
| Complement | Lipoproteins & globulins in blood plasma that react w/ the antigen antibody complex. |
| Complementary | Of a nucleic acid strand, having each nucleotide base paired up w/ its counterpart in the other strand. |
| Cytoprotective Agent | Drug administered to reduce the side effects & toxicity of chemotherapy agents. |
| Denatured | Changed in nature or natural quality; the disruption of natural structure. |
| Diffuse Tumor | Cancerous growth that is widely sistributed & is not localized. |
| DNA Sequence | Order of nucleotide bases in the DNA molecule; a group of 3 nucleotides translates into 1 amino acid. |
| Extravasation | Escape of IV fluids into the surrounding tissue. |
| Granulocyte Colony-Stimulating Factor (G-CSF) | Drug that stimulates the bone marrow to produce specific white blood cells, such as granulocytes. |
| Hematologic Agent | Replacement plasma protein that is necessary for blood coagulation & is not produced in a person w/ hemophilia. |
| Humoral Immunity | Immune response in which secreted antibodies are transported by bodily fluids. |
| Immune Response | Immune system's way of providing resistance to disease & malignancy thru the production of antibodies & phagocytes. |
| Immunoglobulin (Ig)/Antibody | Protein that responds to a specific antigen. |
| Lymphatic System | Netowrk of vessels that carry lymph, the lymph nodes, & the lymphoid organs, including the tonsils, spleen, & thymus; a system for filtering bodily fluids by nodes, vessels, & lymphocytes before the fluids return to general circulation. |
| Monoclonal Antibody (MAb) | Antibody produced in a laboratory by a culture derived from a single B cell. |
| Macrophage | Large white blood cell that engulfs antigens, toxins, & cellular debris, & digests it & displays peptides complexed w/ MHc for recognition by T cells. |
| Neoplastic Disease/Cancer | Disorder that occurs when normal cellular control mechanisms become altered; characterized by uncontrolled cellular growth & the development of abnormal cells. |
| Nucleotide | Basic unit of a DNA molecule, containing 1 of 4 possible bases. |
| Opsonization | Labeling antigen material so that it is more redily identified & destroyed by macrophages. |
| Oral Complications | Tissue injury to the oral cavity associated w/ chemotherapy & radiation. |
| Plasma Cell | B cell that produces freely circulating antibodies in very large quantities. |
| Plasmid | Small circular ring of DNA that can insert itself into bacterial genes & can carry genes from 1 bacterial cell to another. |
| Primary Site | Original site where a cancerous tumor develops. |
| Promoter | Part of plasmid DNA where protein production starts. |
| Recombinant DNA | Artificial DNA produced in a laboratory by inserting strands of DNA from 1 organism into that of another organism. |
| Remission | Condition in which a tumor is inactive w/ no cell division or growth; typically a goal of chemotherapy. |
| Replication | Process of copying the DNA of a cell into a new set of DNA melecules to produce a new cell. |
| Resistance | Lack of responsiveness of cancer cells to chemotherapy. |
| 2ndary Site | New cancerous tumor site to which malignant cells have spread form the original site. |
| Small Lymphocyte | T & B memory cells, which carry & presere info for the recognition of specific antigens. |
| Solid Tumor | Tumor that forms a solid mass & can be examined by touching. |
| T Cell | Lymphocyte that responds to antigens presented on the srface of other cells; involved in cellular immunity. |
| Terminator | Portion of plasmid DNA where protein production stops. |
| Transcription | Copying of info from a DNA strand onto an RNA strand, when then serves as a messenger to the molecular systems that use it to assemble a protein. |
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