Water soluble vitamins
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81 terms
Terms | Definitions |
|---|---|
 What does Vita stand for? | life |
| What does Amines stand for? | Nitrogen Containing |
| vitamins do not yield? | energy |
| Vitamins that assist enzymes that release energy from macronutrients from macronutrients are known as? | coenzymes |
| Vitamins are measured in? | micrograms |
| Vitamin availability depends on quantity provided by food and ? | bioavailability |
| The rate at which a nutrient is absorbed and used is known as? | bioavailability |
| vitamin precursors are known as? | provitamins |
| Vitamins can be destroyed by prolonged heating, uv light and? | oxygen |
| Water soluble vitamins are absorbed into the ________ system. | vascular |
| Fat soluble vitamins are first absorbed into the ________ system | lymphatic |
| _____ soluble vitamin are stored in the fat cells so there is a much greater risk of toxicity | fat |
| Both Fat and Water soluble vitamins have a toxicity possibility with? | supplements |
| What type of vitamins are needed in frequent doses? | water soluble vitamins |
| What type of vitamins are needed in periodic doses? | fat soluble vitamins |
| ______ ______ _______ are established for water-soluble vitamins to prevent toxicity. | tolerable upper levels |
| What are the water soluble vitamins that can lead to a toxicity? | Niacin Vitamin B6 Folate Choline Vitamin C |
| Vitamin B1 is also known as? | Thiamine |
| The Coenzyme form of Thiamine is? | TPP |
| The chief function of Thiamine is? | Coenzyme in energy metabolism |
| What deficiency disease is caused by a lack of Thiamine? | Beriberi |
| ____ ______ symptoms of a thiamine deficiency that include edema, enlarged heart, and cardiac failure | wet beriberi |
| ____ _____ symptoms of a thiamine deficiency that include muscle wasting and a high stepping gate. | dry beriberi |
| Wernicke-Korsakoff is a severe thiamine deficiency in? | alcoholics |
| Edema of Beriberi is seen in _________ berberi. | wet |
| What are the two coenzyme forms of Riboflavin? | FAD FMN |
| What is the chief function of riboflavin? | Energy Metabloism |
| Riboflavin is found in all nutritious foods but is ubiquitous or destroyed by? | UV light |
| What is the difeceny disease of riboflavin? | Ariboflavinosis |
| Glossitis is a deficiency symptom of ________ and causes a red, swollen and inflamed _________ | riboflavin tongue |
| Riboflavin deficiency symptom of _________ is red eyes and sensitivity to light. | photophobia |
| Cracks in the corners of the mouth or even the tongue is a deficiency symptom of Riboflavin called? | Chielosis |
| ____ is no longer stored in clear glass bottles because of loss of riboflavin by exposure to UV light. | Milk |
| Nictronic acid is Niacin absorbed from? | food |
| What are the coenzyme forms of Niacin? | NAD NADP |
| _________ is a precursor AA that turns into Niacin but requires vitamin ____ to do the process | Tryptophan B6 |
| Niacin's chief function is to be a ________ in energy metabolism | coenzyme |
| _____ is found in all nutritious foods especially all protein containing foods. | Niacin |
| What is the main deficiency disease caused by a lack of niacin? | Pellagra |
| What are the 4 Ds of Pellagra? | Diarrhea dementia dermatitis death |
| The toxicity of niacin is called a niacin_____ which causes hives and rashes | flush |
| Pellagra caused misery in the early 1900's in the Southern US because of a _____ based diet which lacked protein and Niacin. | corn |
| What is the coenzyme form of Biotin? | Biotin |
| What is the chief function of biotin? | energy metabolism |
| Biotin is found in all nutritious foods but is ubiquitous and produced by the GI bacteria with ______ _________. | self synthesis |
| Depression; lethargy; hallucinations; numb/tingling sensation in arms/legs; red scaly rash around eyes, nose, and mouth; hair loss are all deficiency symptoms of? | Biotin |
| Protein ______ in egg white binds biotin and makes it unavailable for absorption. They have to be raw because cooking them denatures the protein. | Avidin |
| Pantothenic acid is easily destroyed in _____ _______. | food processing |
| _______ _____ is part of Coenzyme A and is used in energy metabolism. | Pantothenic acid |
| What are the two coenzymes of Vitamin B6? | PLP PMP |
| What Vitamins chief functions are PLP/PMP used in AA and FA metabolism; conversion of trypophan to niacin/tryptophan to serotonin; RBC synthesis; heme systhesis; RNA/DNA synthesis | Vitamin B6 |
| A deficiency of Vitamin B6 is ____ or sores in the lining of the mouth. | Stomatitis |
| A toxicity of B6 can lead to ____ ______ and _____ ______ | nerve damage muscle weakness |
| Megadoses of B6 does not cure ______ it just causes nerve damages and sleep disorders | PMS |
| Folate (folic acid) has many vital functions, but one of folate's most important roles is to reduces risk of fetal? | neural tube defects |
| Folate is important in______ synthesis ... and therefore new cell synthesis | DNA |
| The RDA for Folate of women in the child bearing age is ______ micrograms and for pregnant women is _______ micrograms | 400 600 |
| All ________ products in US are currently fortified with folic acid to help decrease neural tube defect risk | grain |
| Thiamin riboflavin niacin folic acid are also called folate and iron are the things that are in? | enriched grains |
| The coenzyme forms of folate are? | THF DHF |
| What activates Folate? | Vitamin B12 |
| A deficiency of folate can lead to ______ anemia where the red blood cell is too big. | Macrocytic |
| A key role for folate is __________ break- down. | homocysteine |
| In the center of Vitamin B12 is? | Cobalt |
| Vitamin B12 is found only in? | Animal Foods |
| Vitamin B12 like folate is continually secreted into _____ and delivered to the intestine, where it is reabsorbed. Because most B12 is reabsorbed, healthy people rarely have a deficiency even when their intake is minimal. | Bile |
| Lack of ______ or _____ ________ can lead to inadequate absorption of B12 | HCL Intrinsic Factor |
| In pernicious anemia, no _____ ______ is produced which stops b12 absorbtion in the stomach and leads to macrocytic anemia | intrinsic factor |
| Atrophic gastritis is a chronic inflammation of the stomach accompanied by diminished size and function of mucous membranes & glands and effects mainly? | older people |
| What vitamin is the only B vitamin that is stored extensively in the liver? | Vitamin B12 |
| _____ _______ does have a storage reason so it will take years to cause a deficiency. | Vitamin B12 |
| _____ is a N- containing compound made from methionine | Choline |
| _______ is Used to make neurotransmitter acetylcholine & lecithin | Choline |
| ________ is a nonessential nutrient made in the body from glucose ... used in cell membranes | Inositol |
| There is a lot of carnitine in human ______ so it plays an important role in human infancy | milk |
| Symptoms of Scurvy are not apparent until the vitamin C pool is in _______ percent decline around ______ days. | 80 40 |
| British sailors became known as limeys because they were given a ration of ______ to prevent scurvy | lime |
| Ascrobic acid is another name for? | Vitamin C |
| Collagen synthesis, antioxidant, thyroxin synthesis, AA metabolism, increased infection resistance, increased iron (Fe) absorption are all chief functions of? | Vitamin C |
| Vitamin C is found in a lot of ____ fruits. | Citrus |
| Vit C: Cofactor in _______ synthesis | collagen |
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