ITGS Chapter 7 - Databases
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62 terms
Terms | Definitions |
|---|---|
 alternative key | Field by which a database is often searched. |
| auditing | Recording database transactions made by users (e.g. all edits, reads) for security purposes. |
| Boolean operators | AND, OR, and NOT operators used in a query. |
| character check | Ensuring a field contains only the specified character types. |
| check digit | Way of checking mathematically if a item of data has been correctly entered. |
| Comma Separated Values | File format for transferring data, which stores fields and records in a plain text file, separated by commas. See also TSV (Tab Separated Values). |
| composite key | Primary key which consists of more than one field. |
| computer matching | Combining several databases to build up more information about a person or set of people. |
| consistency check | Validation check in which two fields' values are mutually dependent. |
| CSV | File format for transferring data, which stores fields and records in a plain text file, separated by commas. See also TSV (Tab Separated Values). |
| data entry form | Screen used to input data into a database. |
| data integrity | Ensuring data is correct, consistent, and update to date. |
| data matching | Combining several databases to build up more information about a person or set of people. |
| data mining | Searching collections of data for hidden patterns. |
| Data Protection Act | UK law that governs the collection and use of personal data. |
| data redundancy | Data in a database which is needlessly duplicated. |
| data types | Format of data in a field, such as text, number, or date. |
| data warehouses | Vast databases containing many gigabytes of data. |
| Database Management System | Software used to create, enter, edit, and retrieve data in a database. |
| DBMS | Software used to create, enter, edit, and retrieve data in a database. |
| field | Single item of data about a single record in a database. |
| field size | Validation technique. Number of characters that can be stored in a field. |
| flat file database | Database which consists of just one table. |
| foreign key | Database field whose sole purpose is to form part of a relationship with another table. |
| forms | Screen used to input data into a database. |
| index | Field by which a database is often searched. |
| input mask | Validation technique. Ensures only the specified characters can be entered into a field. |
| key field | Field which contains a different value for every record in that table. |
| knowledge discovery | Searching collections of data for hidden patterns. |
| length check | Validation technique. Number of characters that can be stored in a field. |
| normalization | Process of converting a database from a flat file database to a relational database. |
| online encyclopaedias | Web site containing a large number of articles for research purposes. |
| opt-in | System in which users must explicitly decide to participate. |
| opt-out | System in which users must explicitly decide not to participate. |
| parameter query | Database query whose criteria are decided by the user at run-time. |
| personal data | Data which could identify a user, or lead to social impacts such as identity theft. |
| personally identifiable data | Data which could identify a user, or lead to social impacts such as identity theft. |
| presence check | Validation technique. Requires a field to be completed. |
| primary key | Field which contains a different value for every record in that table. |
| privacy policy | Policy governing what data a company or web site will collect about you and how it will be used. |
| queries | Method of extracting data from a database that matches specific criteria |
| range check | Validation technique. Ensures a field is between a certain range of values. |
| RDBMS | Relational DBMS. See Database Management System. |
| record | Collection of fields that represent a single entity, such as a person. |
| redundancy | Data in a database which is needlessly duplicated. |
| redundant data | Data in a database which is needlessly duplicated. |
| relational database | Database containing multiple related tables and no redundant data. |
| searching | Method of extracting data from a database that matches specific criteria |
| secondary key | Field by which a database is often searched. |
| secondary use | Using data for a purpose other than the one for which it was collected. |
| sensitive data | Data such as medical records which, if shared, could cause serious negative impacts on the data subject. |
| sorting | Ordering records based on a field (e.g. alphabetically). |
| SQL | Language for managing databases by typing commands. |
| Structured Query Language | Language for managing databases by typing commands. |
| Tab Separated Values | File format for transferring data, which stores fields and records in a plain text file, with fields separated by a tab character. See also CSV. |
| tab-delimited text files | File format for transferring data, which stores fields and records in a plain text file, with fields separated by a tab character. See also CSV. |
| table | In databases, a collection of records representing a type of item. |
| Trans-border data flow | Transfer of data between countries. |
| TSV | File format for transferring data, which stores fields and records in a plain text file, with fields separated by a tab character. See also CSV. |
| validation | Checks to ensure whether data is in the correct format. |
| verification | Checking whether data is correct - i.e. is the value entered in a field the actual value? |
| lookup | Using a list of values to limit what can be entered into a field. For example, for the 'Gender' field, the values are limited to 'male' and 'female'. |
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