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MANIA acronym for causes of WWI "M" Militarism. "N" Nationalism. "I" Imperialism "A" Assassination off Austrian Archduke Franz Ferdinand = WWI spark First Moroccan Crisis (1905-6) Germany disliked French dominance in Morocco. Wilhelm tries to stir nationalistic feelings to push out France. US mediates. 13 other countries back France. Germany's only supporter is Austria-Hungary. Second Moroccan Crisis (1911) Germany sends gunboat to Agadir to support Morocco against France, which is interpreted as an act of war. British restrain France but support with navy, discouraging Germany. France establishes a protectorate. Triple Entente "Agreement"/pre-alliance between Britain, France, Russia, later US will join Triple Alliance Germany, Austria-Hungary, Italy (will switch sides), later Ottoman join Franz Ferdinand Archduke, heir to Austrian throne. He actually believed Slavic people should be more free! He was assassinated in Bosnia by a Serbian nationalist who believed Bosnia should belong to Serbia Princip assassinator's name Allied Powers de facto alliance: France, Russia, Britain Central Powers de facto alliance: Germany, Austria-Hungary, Ottoman, Italy Trench Warfare method of warfare (first used under Louis XIV) Mustard gas deadly gas used by Germans U boats German submarines Battle of the Somme July 1916 battle in France. One of the largest battles, but indecisive? very little land covered, characteristic of WWI John Singer Sargent painter, depicted mustard gas and WWI fighting Freedom of the Seas US claimed right to trade with either side (neutral) but this was violated by both Britain & Germany. US started shipping in passenger ships, the Lusitania was torpedoed by German U Boats = spark. Zimmerman Telegram Sent from Germany to Mexico, urging Mexico to attack the US (Germany promising to help regain land lost in Mexican War). When does US get involved in WWI? 2 months to end, declares war on Central Powers in 1917 Wilson's 14 points a "solution" featuring 14 ideal terms to end war, including: end to secret agreements, freedom of seas/trade, limit arms, self-determination, and a league of nations. Treaty of Versailles peace treaty at end of WWI. Treaties fails to solve problems. Germany forced to take full blame for war, completely disarm, pay huge reparations, give up colonies to Allies, war guilt clause (more reparations) --> humiliated, set stage for WWII. (Note: US did not sign this treaty, also not member of league of nations) Poland Created at the end of WWI, with sea access, but this isolated East Prussia from the rest of Germany. A demilitarized zone was also created around Rhine. effect on US economy rose above Europe. US became "closed-door" effect on unions demanded more, since less ppl. Women gained power while men were at war