Male and Female Reproductive System Sbrocchi
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Created by:
themonbon37 on April 9, 2012
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63 terms
Terms | Definitions |
|---|---|
 Pituitary Gland | master gland of the body that controls hormone secretion and produces FSH |
| Hormones | regulate the reproductive system and act as messengers throughout the body, causing cells to act in certain ways |
| FSH (Follicle Stimulating Hormone) | travels to gonads and signals the onset of puberty |
| Puberty | stage in human growth where reproductive hormones begin to affect us |
| Primary Function of MRS | to produce as many sperm as possible |
| Testosterone | male reproductive hormone that allows secondary sexual characteristics to develop (hair growth, voice change, etc.) |
| FSH in Males | reaches testes during puberty and causes the development of sperm cells |
| Sperm | male reproductive cell that has a very short lifespan- contains 23 chromosomes |
| Sperm Head | contains chemicals that allow the head to enter the egg cell |
| Testes | reproductive organs in the male |
| Scrotum | keeps the testes cool because it is located outside the body |
| Seminiferous Tubules | where sperm cells are produced in the testes |
| Epididymis | stores sperm cell until they are ready to leave |
| Vas Deferens | tube that takes sperm to the urethra |
| Prostate Gland | produces fluid that is added to the sperm cells to help it move |
| Seminal Vesicles | produces fluid that is rich in sugars and provides energy for the sperm to swim |
| Urethra | tube leading from the bladder to the outside of the bladder and joins with the vas deferens |
| Bladder | organ that stores urine until it is ready to be excreted |
| Penis | external male reproductive organ |
| FSH in Females | reaches the ovaries and mature eggs are released |
| Estrogen | female reproductive hormone that allows for the development of secondary sexual characteristics to develop (hips, breasts, hair growth, etc.) |
| Ovum | female reproductive cells- are much larger than sperm- contains 23 chromosomes |
| Oogenesis | the process that forms eggs in the female |
| Ovaries | where the eggs are produces |
| Follicles | fluid-filled cavity on the surface, each containing an egg that is released one at a time during ovulation |
| Oviducts/Fallopian Tubes | guides eggs to tube and is the site of ovulation |
| Uterus | where a fertilized egg develops into a fetus |
| Cervix | lower entrance of the uterus |
| Vagina | muscular passageway also called the birth canal |
| Fertilization | when a sperm penetrates an egg cell- barrier put up to prevent other sperm from entering |
| Zygote | combination of egg and sperm- fertilized egg- that moves down towards uterus |
| Cleavage | rapid cell divisions which occur on the way to the uterus |
| Blastocyst | a mass of cells arranged in a hollow ball that arrives at the uterous |
| Placenta | formed from outer cells of a blastocyst which nourish the fetus |
| Gastrula | embryo after 14 days of development |
| Germ Layer | three layer in which cells specialize into |
| Endoderm | inner; will form the lung and lining of the digestive tract |
| Mesoderm | middle; will form the kidneys, skeleton, muscles, blood vessels and gonads |
| Ectoderm | outer; forms the skin and nervous system |
| Trimester | 3 months of pregnancy- the first is critical to fetal development |
| Fetus | a developing embryo from the ninth week of development until birth- shares blood of the mother |
| Fetal Alcohol Syndrome | alcohol consumption by mother may cause improper development of liver and can affect the fetus' brain, neural and physical development |
| Effects of Cigarette Smoke | contracts the fetus' blood vessels causing a decrease in the fetus' oxygen intake; fetus is usually underweight at birth |
| Genetic Disorders | abnormal chromosome number- not 46; chances of this occurring increase with age of mother |
| Fertilization | the union of a male sperm cell and a female egg cell (aka. conception) and results in a Zygote |
| Implantation | the attachment of zygote to the uterine wall and results in an embryo |
| Embryo | the developing child from the time of implantation until about the eighth week of development |
| Fetus | the developing embryo in the uterus (name given after about the eighth week of development) |
| Amniotic Sac | a thin, fluid-filled membrane that surrounds and protects the developing embryo |
| Umbilical Cord | a rope-like structure that connects the empryo and the mother's placenta |
| Placenta | the thick blood-red tissue that lines the uterine walls during pregnancy and nourishes the embryo |
| Labour | the final stage of pregnancy in which the uterus contracts and pushes the baby out of the mother's body |
| Prenatal Care | steps that a pregnant female can take to provide for her own health and for the health of her baby |
| Physical | blood tests and pelvic exam |
| Prenatal Visits | include a complete physical, an ultrasound and the obstetrician monitors the weight and blood pressure of the mother |
| Effects of Tobacco | higher rates of miscarriage, stillbirths, premature births and low birth weight and can affect growth, mental development and behaviour |
| Precautions to Taking Medication | get the approval of a doctor or another qualified health care provider before taking medication of any kind |
| Effects of Illegal Drugs | can make mother less able to support the pregnancy, cause birth defects, premature labour, miscarriage and the baby can be addicted to the drug from birth |
| Environmental Hazards | lead, smog, radiation, cat litter |
| Miscarriage | spontaneous expulsion of a fetus that occurs before the twentieth week of pregnancy |
| Stillbirth | a dead fetus expelled from the body after the twentieth week of pregnancy |
| Ectopic Pregnancy | results when the zygote implants in the fallopian tube, abdomen, ovary or the cervix when an egg cannot pass to the uterus because of tissue inflammation or scar tissue has developed due to STIs |
| Preeclampsia | prevents placenta from getting enough blood which results in low birth weight, high blood pressure, swelling and large amounts of protein in the urine |
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