PSY 101 Ch. 12
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20 terms
Terms | Definitions |
|---|---|
 Although Rolf frequently cheats on classroom tests, he justifies his behavior by erroneously thinking that most other students cheat even more than he does. His mistaken belief best illustrates | self-serving bias. |
| Social cues are especially likely to influence our behavior in ______ settings, and personality traits are especially likely to influence our behavior in ______ situations. | unfamiliar; informal |
| Compared with those who made a purchase choice from among 30 different brands of jam or chocolate, those who chose from among just 6 brands expressed | more satisfaction with their choice. |
| Humanistic theorists have been criticized for | underestimating the inherent human capacity for destructive and evil behaviors. |
| Mrs. Sunstedt believes that parents should accept and try to understand their children's feelings and should honestly disclose their own inner feelings to their children. Her approach to parent-child interaction was most explicitly recommended by | Rogers. |
| A refusal to believe direct and highly credible evidence that your spouse is suffering a terminal illness best illustrates | denial. |
| Freud suggested that the id's pleasure-seeking energies focus on distinct pleasure-sensitive areas of the body known as | erogenous zones. |
| Studies of college students' conscientiousness revealed only a modest relationship between a student being conscientious on one occasion and being similarly conscientious on another occasion. This should make psychologists more cautious about overestimating the impact of ________ on behavior. | personality traits |
| The parallel processing of distinctive dimensions of a visual scene such as movement, color, and shape best illustrates the importance of | unconscious thought. |
| In every one of 53 countries surveyed, people typically expressed self-esteem above the midpoint of the most widely used self-esteem scale. This best illustrates the pervasiveness of | self-serving bias. |
| Which theorist emphasized that an individual's personal growth is promoted by interactions with others who are genuine, accepting, and empathic? | Rogers |
| The defense mechanism by which people disguise their own threatening impulses by attributing them to others is called | projection. |
| Refusing to believe or even to perceive painful realities constitutes the defense mechanism known as | denial. |
| The tendency to accept favorable descriptions of one's personality that could really be applied to almost anyone is known as | the Barnum effect. |
| Carl Rogers referred to an attitude of total acceptance toward another person as | unconditional positive regard. |
| Freud referred to the largely conscious "executive" part of the personality as the | superego. |
| Sexually active undergraduate women who do not consistently use contraceptives often perceive themselves as less vulnerable to unwanted pregnancy than do other undergraduate women. This best illustrates | unrealistic optimism. |
| Unlike country, pop, and religious music lovers, those who prefer classical, jazz, blues, and folk music tend to score high on the Big Five trait dimension known as | openness. |
| Sasha believes that the questions on school tests are so unrelated to course work that studying is useless. Sasha's belief most clearly illustrates | an external locus of control. |
| Compared with those who perceive an external locus of control, people who perceive an internal locus of control are more likely to | effectively delay gratification of their impulses. |
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