Genetics Ch. 1-5 Terms
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Created by:
emmawilsonpease on April 10, 2012
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13 terms
Terms | Definitions |
|---|---|
 Principle of Segregation | In the formation of gametes, the genes separate in such a way that each gamete is equally likely to contain either member of the pair. |
| Dominant trait | Expressed in the phenotype when the genotype is either heterozygous or homozygous |
| Recessive trait | Expressed in the phenotype when a genotype is homozygous for the alternative allele. |
| Principle of Independent Assortment | Segregation of the members of any pair of alleles is independent of the segregation of other pairs in the formation of reproductive cells. |
| Addition rule | The probability of the realization of one or the other of two mutually exclusive possibilities, A or B, is the sum of their separate probabilities |
| Multiplication rule | The probability of two independent possibilities, A and B, being realized simultaneously is given by the product of their separate probabilities |
| Variable expressivity | Genes that are expressed to different degrees in different organisms |
| Penetrance | Proportion of organisms whose phenotype matches their genotype for a given trait. |
| Epistasis | When one gene masks the expression of another |
| Key ingredients for PCR | Template DNA Primers DNA polymerase dNTP's |
| Key steps for PCR | Heat/denature Cool/anneal Polymerize/copy |
| Fundamental limitation for PCR | Primer sequences MUST be known |
| Vectors | Plasmids used for in vitro cloning of foreign DNA fragments |
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