2012 Scioly Anatomy: Basics of the Digestive System
About this set
Created by:
Michelle_Scioly on April 10, 2012
Subjects:
Anatomy, Digestive System, Science Olympiad
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9 terms
Terms | Definitions |
|---|---|
 Digestive System | The organ system theat processes food, extracts nutrients from it, and eliminates the residue. |
| Ingestion | Selective intake of food |
| Digestion | Mechanical and chemical breakdown of food into a form usable by the body |
| Absorption | The uptake of nutrient molecules into the epithelial cells of the digestive tract and then into the blood or lymph. |
| Defecation | Elimination of undigested residue |
| Mechanical Digestion | Physical breakdown of food into smaller particles. Achieved by the cutting/grinding of the teeth and the churning contractions of the stomach and small intestine. This type of digestion exposes more food surface to the action of digestive enzymes. |
| Chemical Digestion | Series of hydrolysis reactions that break dietary macro-molecules into their monomers (residues): Polysaccharides into monosaccharides, proteins into amino acids, fats into monoglycerides and fatty acids, and nucleic acids into nucleotides. Carried out by enzymes produced in the salivery glands, stomach, pancreas, and small intestine. |
| Digestive Tract | Tube extending from mouth to anus, measuring about 9 m (30 ft.) long in the cadaver. It is also known as the alimentary canal. Includes the oral cavity, pharynx, esophagus, stomach, small intestine, large intestine. Parts (stomach and intestines) contribute to the gastrointestinal (GI) tract. |
| Accessory Organs | Teeth, tongue, salivary glands, liver, gallbladder, and pancreas. |
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