World History Chapter 3
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49 terms
Terms | Definitions |
|---|---|
 Himalaya | the highest mountains in the world |
| Indus River | west of the Ganges River, this river establishes a relatively dry plateau that forms the backbone of the modern state of Pakistan |
| Monsoon | a seasonal wind in southern Asia |
| Harappa | A large ancient city of the Indus civilization, created in present-day Pakistan |
| Mohenjo Daro | second city in early Harappan civilization south west of Harappa |
| Aryans | moved south across the Hindu Kush mountain range into the plains of northern India |
| Sanskrit | Indo-European language |
| Varnas | Another word for the social classes in the Caste system that ranked people from high to low |
| Caste System | Divided Indian society into groups based on a person's birth, wealth, or occupation. |
| Hinduism | A religion native to India, featuring belief in many gods and reincarnation |
| Yoga | a method of training developed by the Hindus that is supposed to lead to oneness with God |
| Reincarnation | the rebirth of an individual's soul in a different form after death |
| Karma | In Hindu belief, all the actions that affect a person's fate in the next life |
| Dharma | in Hinduism, the divine law that rules karma; it requires all people to do their duty based on their status in society |
| Buddhism | a religions doctrine introduced in northern India in the sixth century B.C. by Siddhartha Gautama known as the Buddha, or "Enlightened One" |
| Siddhartha Gautama | founder of Buddism; born a prince; left his father's wealth to find the cause of human suffering; also know as Buddha |
| Nirvana | ultimate reality |
| Asoka | The grandson of Chandragupta, who is considered the best leader of the Mauryan Empire. |
| Silk Road | an ancient trade route between China and the Mediterranean (4,000 miles) |
| pilgrims | people who journey to a religious place |
| Faxian | Chinese Buddhist monk who traveled to India in search of documents about the teachings of the Buddha |
| Vedas | Earliest known Indian literature, which contains religious chants and stories that were originally passed down orally from generation to generation and then recorded in Sanskrit after writing developed |
| Bhagavad Gita | sermon by the god Krishna on the eve of a major battle |
| Kalidasa | one if ancient India's greatest writers during the Gupta era |
| Aryabhata | most famous mathematician of the Gupta Empire and the first scientist known to have used algebra |
| Huang He | stretches across China for roughly 2,900 miles also known as the Yellow River; yellow silt for farming |
| Chang Jiang | (Yangtze River) the longest river in Asia, flowing about 3,400 miles from central China to the Yellow Sea |
| aristocracy | an upper class whose wealth is based on land and whose power is passed on from one generation to another |
| Mandate of Heaven | claim by Chinese kings of the Zhou dynasty that they had direct authority from heaven to rule and to keep order in the universe |
| Dao | the proper way Chinese kings were expected to rule under the mandate of heaven |
| Filial Piety | the duty of family members to subordinate their needs and desires to those of the male head of the family |
| Pictographs | picture symbols |
| Ideographs | chararcters that join 2 or more pictographs to represent an idea |
| Confucius | known to the chinese as the First Teacher |
| Confucianism | the teachings of Confucius emphasizing love for humanity |
| Daoism | a system of ideas based on the teachings of Laozi |
| Laozi | founder of Daoism |
| Legalism | a popular philosophy developed in China toward the end of the Zhou dynasty; it proposes that human beings are evil by nature and can only be brought to the correct path by harsh laws |
| Qin Shihuangdi | first leader of the Qin dynasty |
| Gobi | Desert that separates China from Mongolia |
| Xiongnu | a confederation of nomadic tribes from the Gobi area with a ruling class of unknown origin. |
| Regime | a government in power |
| censorate | inspectors who checked on government officials to make sure they were doing their jobs |
| Liu Pang | of peasant origin, but became known by his title of Han Gaozu - Exalted Emperor of Han |
| Han Wudi | the Martial Emperor of Han, added the regions south of the Chang Jiang |
| South China Sea | a tropical arm of the Pacific Ocean near southeastern Asia subject to frequent typhoons |
| Four Noble Truths | the simple message that is the basis of Buddhism |
| Bodhi | a key step in achieving nirvana, the root of both the word Buddhism and Buddha, means "wisdom" |
| 8 Fold Path | a way to end desire and thus suffering; also know as the Middle Path |
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