Chapter 14- Overview of Non-Specific Host Defense
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18 terms
Terms | Definitions |
|---|---|
 First Line of Defense: Physical Barriers at the Portals of Entry | Keratinized epidemal layer of skin impedes penetration |
| First Line of Defense: Physical Barriers at the Portals of Entry | Flushing action of sweat glands, tears, mucus, saliva, vomiting, and defecation |
| First Line of Defense: Physical Barriers at the Portals of Entry | Mucous membranes impede entry and attachment |
| First Line of Defense: Physical Barriers at the Portals of Entry | Urine flow/ bladder emptying |
| First Line of Defense: Physical Barriers at the Portals of Entry | Blocking of surfaces by commensal microbiota |
| Ciliated Epithelium | Mucous Production Nasal hair and cilia microbes |
| Ciliated Epithelium- Ciliary escalator | moves microbes upwards through the respiratory tract |
| Ciliated Epithelium | Expulsion by sneezing and coughing |
| First line of Defense: Nonspecific Chemical Defenses | Antimicrobial Component in oil and sweat gland secretions. high salt concentration in sweat |
| First line of Defense: Nonspecific Chemical Defenses | Lysozyme in tears, saliva, and mucous cleaves peptidoglycan linkages in cell walls of bacteria |
| First line of Defense: Nonspecific Chemical Defenses | Lactic acid and electrolyte concentrations of sweat |
| First line of Defense: Nonspecific Chemical Defenses | skin's acidic pH and fatty acid content |
| First line of Defense: Nonspecific Chemical Defenses | Hydrochloric Acid in the stomach |
| First line of Defense: Nonspecific Chemical Defenses | Digestive juices and bile in the intestine |
| First line of Defense: Nonspecific Chemical Defenses | Antimicrobial chemical in semen |
| First line of Defense: Nonspecific Chemical Defenses | Acidic pH in the vagina |
| First line of Defense: Genetic Differences in Susceptibility | Some hosts are genetically immune to the diseases of other hosts |
| First line of Defense: Genetic Differences in Susceptibility | Microbes are often species- specific: Humans can't catch distemper from cats Cats can't catch mumps from humans Particularly true of viruses (HIV vs FIV vs SIV) -Require attachment to a specific host receptor Even differences in diseases within a species due to variations in genes for immune system |
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