| Term | Definition |
|---|
| Chromosome | a thread of DNA, made up of genes |
| Gene | A section of DNA, which codes for the formation of a protein controlling a specific characteristic of the organism |
| Allele | An alternative form of a gene. Pairs of alleles occupy the same relative position on chromosome pairs. |
| Haploid Nucleus | a nucleus containing a single set of unpaired chromosomes, e.g. in sperm and ova. |
| Diploid nucleus | A nucleus containing a pairs of chromosomes, e.g. somatic cells |
| Genotype | The genetic make-up of an organism, e.g. Tt, where T and t are alleles of a gene |
| Phenotype | The characteristics visible in an organism, controlled by the genotype, eg a tall plant or a dwarf plant |
| Homozygous | Having a pair of identical alleles controlling the same characteristics. Eg TT, where T=tall |
| Heterozygous | Having a pair of dissimilar alleles controlling for a characteristic. Eg Tt |
| Dominant | A gene, e.g. T, that always shows in the phenotype of an organism whether the organism is heterozygous (Tt) or homozygous (TT) |
| Recessive | A gene, e.g. , that only has an effect on the phenotype when the organism is homozygous (tt) |
Combine with other sets
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