PSY test 4
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FranchescaSamaniego on April 11, 2012
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128 terms
Terms | Definitions |
|---|---|
 who created the first intelligence test? | alfred Binet & Theodore Simon |
| What was the purpose of the 1st intelligence test? | to identify French school children needing extra help |
| mental age | chronological age that typically corresponds to a given level of performance |
| intelligence quotient | (Mental Age/ Chronological age) x 100 |
| who created the intelligence quotient? | William Stern |
| what is the average score on the intelligence quotient? | 100 |
| what did Terman do? | made the IQ test work for American children & adults (used to determine who could be an officer in the military) |
| what did Terman think? | intelligence was fixed, innate or inherited (genetic) & measurable |
| Stanford-Binet | the new and revised IQ test that Terman made for America |
| Spearman's 'g' factor | general intelligence, a general factor that underlies any & all specifiv mental abilities. measured on every task on IQ test, special abilities tied to general intelligence. If you are good in one area then you are good in all areas |
| Gardner's multiple intelligences | 8 areas that have separate underlying neural areas in the brain. Can be good in some areas but not all of them |
| what are the 8 areas of Gardner's multiple intelligences | linguistic, logical-mathematical, musical, bodily-kinesthetic, spatial, intrapersonal, interpersonal, naturalistic |
| savant syndrome | limited mental abilities with amazing ability in one or few |
| which theory of intelligence does savant syndrome support? | Gardner's multiple intelligences theory |
| what is creative intelligence | ability to produce novel & valiuable ideas (using thing for purposes they were not intended, how many ways can you use this tissue) |
| neurological speed | being able to retrieve info. from your brain more quickly |
| perceptual speed | being able to comprehend things more quickly |
| WAIS stands for | Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale |
| what are the 2 main subscales of the WAIS | verbal & performance |
| what is included in the verbal subscale of the WAIS | General info. Similarities, Vocab. Comprehension, Arithmetic resoning, Digit span |
| what is included in the performance subscale of the WAIS | picture completion, picture arrangement, block design, object assembly, digit symbol substitution |
| Mental Retardation | IQ<70 |
| Gifted and Talanted | IQ130> |
| What do we mean when we say intelligence is multiply defined | there are different kinds of intelligence |
| fluid | how fast you learn |
| crystallized | things you already know |
| circadian rhythm | regular body rhythm like body temp. & wakefulness that happens on a 24 hr. cycle (monophasic, biphasic) |
| monophasic | once a day |
| biphasic | twice a day |
| sleep stage 1 | light sleep (2min) irregular EEG waves, awakened easily, HR & breathing slows, alfa waves, hypnagogic |
| alfa waves | (stage 1) slow waves, relaxed but awake |
| sleep stage 2 | (20 mins) sleep spindles (1/2 of night) |
| sleep stage 3 | transition (few mins) sleep spindles, delta waves (<50%) |
| sleep stage 4 | deep sleep (30 mins) delta waves, sleep walking, enuresis (bed wetting) restorative (must get in order to feel rested) |
| sleep stage 5 | REM. Rapid eye movements, dreaming increases, PGO spikes activate motor & visual cortex (causes dreaming) body responses inhibited to wake by environmental stimulit, most likely yo awake spontaneously (like from a dream) theta waves, memory consolidation (short term -> long term) HR increases, cant move becuase spinal cord is blocked off, hard to wake them up |
| alpha waves | stage 1 |
| sleep spindles | stage 2 & 3 |
| delta waves | stage 3 & 4 |
| what are the 4 functions of sleep listed in your text? | consolidated rendition, restoring & repairing brain tissue, growth, creativity |
| when does memory consolidation occur? | stage 5 |
| REM | active fast wave sleep (vivid dreams/ paradoxil sleep-> becasue brain is active but body is not) |
| how do you know a person is in REM sleep? | eyes move |
| P in PGO stands for | Pontine |
| G in PGO stands for | Geneculate |
| O in PGO stands for | Occipotal |
| what stage do PGO spike happen? | stage 5 |
| where do PGO spikes originate? | brainstem area (pons) |
| what do PGO spikes do? | stimulates rapid eye movement, activates visual cortex & motor cortex, inhibits motor neurons in spinal cord, causes theta rhythm in hippocampus |
| sleep spindles | small sprits of energy of activity in the brain (stages 2&3) |
| delta waves | slow waves, deep sleep waves (stages 3&4) |
| slow wave sleep | stage 3 & 4 |
| theta waves | regularly repeating sinusoidal wave, 6 cycles per second, produced by areas of the hippocampus (memory structure) & surrounding cortex, awake animals produce theta rhythm during behaviors learned for survival, asleep animals produce theta rhythm during sleep. These waves happen when you learn something new and then they happen when you sleep as well so it is like you are practicing while asleep (stage 5) |
| sleep apnea | temporary difficulty breathing w/ awakening |
| Insomina | difficulty falling asleep or staying asleep |
| Narcolepsy | falling asleep unexpectedly (fall into stage 5 sleep) |
| nightmares | bad dreams (REM) (stage 5) |
| night terrors | sleep walking, when you wake up with a bad feeling but no words for it, anxiety, do not remember what happened (stage 4) |
| what happens in the frontal lobes during REM? | interpreting stimuli |
| hypnagogic sensations | feel like you are falling (stage 1) |
| who called the content of dreams their manifest content | Freud |
| activation-synthesis theory of dreaming | a dream is random internal sensation that your brain tries to make sense of |
| psychoactive drugs | chemical that change perceptions and mood |
| Tolerance | larger does of substance are needed to reach the same effect, diminished effects with same dose |
| 3 examples of different types of tolerance | -Liver enzymes- microsomal, inducible -receptor down regulation or inactivation -learned or homeostatic tolerance |
| what kind of drug is alcohol | depressant |
| stimulants work off of what system? | sympathetic & central nervous system |
| facts about stimulants | also called uppers, increase alertness & motor activity, includes cocaine & amphetamine (crack, speed, crank, ice, MDA or ecstasy) chemically similar to catecholamine transmitters (epinephrine, Norepinepherine & Dopamine) |
| depressants work off of what system? | GABA |
| 3 types of depressants | -barbiturates, bensodiazepines, alcohol |
| what do depressants do? | reduce neural activity, slow body functions |
| barbiturates | sleepy dilated pupils, may lower BP, resembles ETOH, may be taken in combination with alcohol, most frequent drug used for suicide OD |
| benzodiazepines | valium, Librium, Ativan) used for anxiety, minor tranquilizers |
| Alcohol: | ethanol) slurred speech, motor incoordination, mental slowing, depresses gag reflex, breath smells of alcohol |
| narcotic (opiate) analgesics | opitates(heroine, morphine, codeine, Demerol, Darvon, china white) pain relief, mental depression-coma, respiratory depression(normal is 12-20 breaths per minute they take 4-6 breaths per minute) hypotension (low BP) |
| hallucinogens | distort perceptions |
| major tranquilizers | Pheynothiazines, Butyrphenones, used to tx schizophrenia, not usually abused |
| cocaine | blocks dopamine re-uptake, local anesthetic & euphoric effects, biological effects produced by blocking dopamine re-uptake, symptoms similar to amphetamines: may have nasal rebound if snorted (looks like you have a cold, drippy nose) |
| amphetamine | stimulates release of dopamine, somatic effects: high energy(wakefulness, decreased fatigue, wired, incessant talking; appetite suppression; heart rate quickens, increased energy, rise in body temp; higher doses may produce nervousness, paranoia, confusion, headache, heart palpitations- MI, hypertension-stroke; long-term abuse often results in psychosis, crash withdrawal; Highly addictive (especially freebase form-ICE)Methylphenidate (Ritalin) used to treat hyperactivity in children (paradoxical effect) |
| • Where do alcohol, barbiturates and valium (benzodiazepines) work -on which neurotransmitter system?: | GABA |
| SSRI | Selective Serotonin reuptake inhibitors! (Prozac, Zoloft, Paxil) raises serotonin. Used to treat OCD |
| Antagonist | works against, deactivates, stops a response... blocker |
| Agonist | works like, activates, causes a response |
| Receptor | molecules in cell that binds with the drug to cause the effect |
| alcohol overdose | slurred speech, motor incoordination, mental slowing, depresses gag reflex, breath smells of alcohol |
| barbiturates overdose | sleepy dilated pupils, may lower BP, resembles ETOH, may be taken in combination with alcohol, most frequent drug used for suicide OD |
| stimulants overdose | increase alertness & motor activity |
| opiates overdose | pain relief, mental depression-coma, respiratory depression(normal is 12-20 breaths per minute they take 4-6 breaths per minute) hypotension (low BP) |
| PCP overdose | decreases pain perception, hallucinations, agitated, violent & combative if OD, increased strength |
| • What are some medical uses for marijuana (THC | cancer pain, tx nausea from chemotherapy, symptoms & pain from MS (multiple sclerosis), reduce intro-ocular pressure in glaucoma |
| • what is the name of the marijuana plant | cannabis sativa |
| • What neurotransmitter is the 'final common pathway' for the brain's reward system | dopamine |
| • General criteria for disordered behavior: (5 D's) | Deviance, Disturbing, Disability, Danger, Duh |
| deviance | Abnormal/ atypical (statistical deviance, outside the normal range of behavior, sociocultural norms, age norms) |
| Disturbing | disturbing to others |
| Disability | Maladaptive (harmful, distressing, disabling) if it disrupts your life it is a disability |
| Danger | at risk for suffering or death (to self: suicide; to others: homicide) |
| Duh???: | unjustifiable |
| DSM-IV | APA's diagnostic & statistical manual of mental disorders (describes symptoms, features & gives incidence. Is the authority.) |
| depression | discouraged, sad, hopeless; lack of energy, loss of interest |
| bipolar | a mood disorder in which the person alternates between the hoplessness and lethargy of depression and the overexcited state of mania |
| generalized anxiety disorder | an anxiety disorder in which a person is continually tense, apprehensive, and in a state of automatic nervous system arousal |
| panic attacks | : a minutes long episode of intense fear that something horrible is about to happen. Heart palpitations, shortness of breath, choking sensations, trembling, or dizziness typically accompany the panic |
| phobias | an anxiety disorder marked by a persistent, irrational fear & avoidance of a specific object or situation. |
| agoraphobia | fear of having a panic attack in a public place |
| schizophrenia | a group of sever disorders characterized by disorganized and delusional thinking, disturbed perceptions and inappropriate emotions and action |
| Dystonic reaction | involuntary tension or spasm in muscles of head, neck & tong. Grotesque look: head & upper torso twist to side, eyes bulge slightly & deviate right |
| • What are side effects associated with antipsychotic drugs | dampened responsiveness to irrelevant stimuli. Sluggishness, tremors & twitches similar to those of Parkinson's disease |
| obsessive-compulsive disorder | recurrent & intrusive obsessions & compulsion; time consuming (>1hr/day) distress/impairment -obsession: recurrent thoughts -compulsion: acts/behaviors (rituals): cleaners, checkers, counters, sameness -low level of NT -treatment: SSRIraises serotonin (Prozac, Zoloft, Paxil) |
| Which form of therapy most directly contributed to reduction in numbers of patients in mental hosp in the 50's | phychopharmacology |
| systematic desensitization | a types of exposure therapy that associates a pleasant relaxed state with gradually increasing anxiety-triggering stimuli. Commonly used to treat phobias |
| token economy | an operant conditioning procedure in which people earn a token of some sort for exhibiting a desired behavior and can later exchange the tokens for various privileges or treats |
| token economy It is based on what theory of learning | operant conditioning |
| Cognitive therapy | therapy that teaches people new, more adaptive ways of thinking and acting; based on the assumption that thoughts intervene between events and our emotional reactions |
| Know how antipsychotic work | block dopamine |
| antipsychotic are used to treat | : schizophrenia |
| • How do antidepressant drugs work (SSRI's), | Selective Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitor, blocks the reuptake of serotonin which increases the function of serotonin |
| What drug is best for -bipolar disorder | lithium |
| What drug is best for obsessive-compulsive disorder | Prozac, Zoloft, Paxil |
| What is ECT | electroconvulsive therapy. Get more serotonin because its read more easily |
| general intelligence | a general factor that underlies any & all specifiv mental abilities. |
| 8 areas of Gardner's multiple intelligences (BLINLIMS) | Bodily-kinesthetic, logical-mathmatical, intrapersonal, naturalistic, linguistic, interpersonal,musical, spatial |
| how many cycles per second do theta waves have? | 6 |
| what stage do theta waves happen in | stage 5 |
| what stage do nightmares happen in? | stage 5 |
| what stage do night terrors happen in? | stage 4 |
| in what stage does hypnagogic sensations occur? | stage 1 |
| what kind of drug are cocaine & amphetamine | stimulants |
| schizophrenia drugs work off of | receptors (#1 in the diagram) |
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