| Term | Definition |
| Protestant Reformation | religious movement that began as an effort to reform the Catholic Church and spread through German towns in the 1520s and then to other parts of Europe |
| Protestants | reformers who protested some practices of the catholic church |
| printing press | a machine that produces printed copies |
| Spanish Armada | Fleet of war ships sent to invade England and overthrow Queen Elizabeth and the Anglican Church |
| inflation | a rise in the price of goods caused by an increase in the amount of money in use |
| charter | a document giving permission to start a colony |