APWH Ray Ch. 28 terms
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Created by:
MidloPowerhouse on April 11, 2012
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38 terms
Terms | Definitions |
|---|---|
 internationalization | the idea that peoples should unite across national boundaries; gained popularity during the 19th century; led to the establishment of organizations like the International Red Cross. |
| World Court | permanent arbitration court established at The Hague in 1899; failed to resolve problems of international conflict. |
| western front | war line between Belgium and Switzerland during World War I; featured trench warfare and massive casualties among combatants. |
| Italian front | war line between Italy and Austria-Hungary; also produced trench warfare. |
| eastern front | war zone from the Baltic to the Balkans where Germans, Austro-Hungarians, Russians, and Balkan nations fought. |
| submarine warfare | a major part of the German naval effort against the allies during World War I; when employed against the United States it precipitated American participation in the war. |
| Balfour Declaration (1917) | British promise of support for the establishment of Jewish settlement in Palestine. |
| Brest-Litovsk Treaty (1918) | Russia and Germany agreement; Russia withdrew from the World War I and lost territory to Germany in return for peace. |
| Treaty of Versailles | ended World War I; punished Germany with loss of territory and payment of reparations; did not satisfy any of the signatories. |
| League of Nations | international organization of nations created after World War I; designed to preserve world peace; United States never a member. |
| socialism in one country | Stalin's concept of Russian communism based solely upon internal Soviet development; the resulting isolation helped the Soviet Union to avoid some of the consequences of the Great depression. |
| National Socialist (Nazi) Party | led by Hitler in Germany; gained support during economic chaos after World War I and the Great Depression; advocated an authoritarian state and an aggressive foreign policy; gained power in 1933. |
| Adolf Hitler | Nazi leader of Germany from 1933 to 1945; led Germany into World War II. |
| Benito Mussolini | Italian leader who created a fascist government during the 1920s; stressed an aggressive foreign policy and nationalist glories. |
| anschluss | union between Germany and Austria under Hitler in 1938. |
| Munich Conference | meeting caused by German occupation of part of Czechoslovakia in 1938; Western leaders agreed to the action after Germany promised future peace. |
| appeasement | name given to the policy of British leader Neville Chamberlain because of his acceptance at the Munich Conference of German aggression. |
| Tripartite Pact | 1940 alliance between Japan, Germany, and Italy. |
| Munich conference | 1938 meeting between German, French, and British leaders; allowed Czechoslovakia to be dismembered by Germany in return for promises of future peace. |
| Pearl Harbor | American naval base in Hawaii attacked by Japan in Dec. 1941; caused American entry into World War II. |
| blitzkrieg | German term meaning lightening warfare; involved rapid movement of troops and tanks. |
| Vichy | collaborationist French government established at Vichy in 1940 following defeat by Germany. |
| Winston Churchill | British prime minister during World War II; exemplified British determination to resist Germany. |
| siege of Stalingrad | 1942 turning point during Germany's invasion of Russia; Russians successfully defended the city and then went on the offensive. |
| Hiroshima and Nagasaki | two Japanese cities on which the United States dropped atomic bombs in 1945; caused Japanese surrender. |
| Holocaust | Germany's attempted extermination of European Jews; resulted in six million deaths. |
| Teheran Conference (1943) | meeting between the leaders of the United States, Britain, and the Soviet Union; decided to open a new front against Germany in France; gave the Russians a free hand in eastern Europe. |
| Yalta Conference (1945) | agreed upon Soviet entry into war against Japan, organization of the United nations; left eastern Europe to the Soviet Union. |
| Potsdam Conference (1945) | meeting between the leaders of the United States, Britain, and the Soviet Union in 1945; the allies accepted Soviet control of eastern Europe; Germany and Austria were divided among the victors. |
| Cold War | struggle from 1945 to 1989 between the communist and democratic worlds; ended with the collapse of Russia. |
| eastern block | the eastern European countries of Poland, Bulgaria, Romania, Hungary, and Eastern Germany dominated by the Soviet Union during the Cold War. |
| iron curtain | term coined by Churchill for the division between the Western and Soviet spheres. |
| Marshall Plan | United States program begun in 1947 to help Western European nations recover from the devastation of World War II. |
| NATO | North Atlantic Treaty Organization; formed in 1949 to counter the threat of Soviet Union; included western European democracies, Canada, and the United States. |
| Warsaw Pact | the Soviet response to NATO; made up of Soviets and their European satellites. |
| Korean War | war following the 1949 invasion of South Korea by North Korea; communist powers supported the former, the Western powers the latter. |
| Vietnamese war | a long struggle beginning with the Vietnamese effort to expel the French; the United States unsuccessfully intervened to prevent communist victory. |
| nonalignment | newly independent former colonial nations who proclaimed neutrality during the Cold War. |
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