Chapter 12: Acquired Neurogenic Language Disorders
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Created by:
itzbrittanykayy on April 11, 2012
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26 terms
Terms | Definitions |
|---|---|
 Agrammatism | language characterized by predominance of content words (nouns, verbs) and absence of functors (articles, prepositions); (Broca's aphasia) |
| Aneurysm | bulge in the wall of an artery resulting from weakness |
| Anoxia | a lack of oxygen |
| Aphasia | language disorder affecting phonology, grammar, semantics, and pragmatics as well as reading and writing caused by focal brain damage |
| Cerebrovascular accident (CVA) | a stroke; interruption of blood supply to an area of the brain |
| Circumlocation | a circuitous description of a word that cannot be recalled |
| Contusions | injuries caused by a blow from a hard object that do not break the skin but do cause hemorrhaging below the skin |
| Dementia | deterioration of intellectual abilities such as memory, concentration, reasoning, and judgement resulting from organic disease or brain damage; emotional disturbances and personality changes often accompany the intellectual deterioration |
| Diffuse axonal injury | damage to nerve cells in the connecting fibers of the brain |
| Edema | accumulation of an excessive amount of fluid in cells, tissues, or serous cavities; usually results in a swelling of the tissues |
| Embolus | a moving clot from another part of the body that may lodge and interrupt the blood supply |
| Hematoma | encapsulated blood from a broken blood vessel |
| Hemiplegia | paralysis or weakness on one side of the body; typically the side affected is opposite the side of the brain injury |
| Hemorrhage | bleeding from a broken artery or vein |
| Infarct | an area of dead tissue resulting from interruption of the blood supply |
| Intracerebral | refers to injuries or structures within the brain |
| Jargon aphasia | meaningless words typical of Wernicke's aphasia |
| Lacerations | torn tissue caused by blunt trauma |
| Literal paraphasia | sounds and syllables of a word are articulated correctly but are substituted or transposed (i.e. bork for fork) |
| Meninges | tissue coverings overlaying the CNS |
| Neologism | a new word that may be meaningless |
| Neoplasm (tumor) | a new growth |
| Spontaneous recovery | recovery from stroke resulting from physiological and re-organizational changes in the brain and not attributable to rehabilitation |
| Thrombosis | accumulation of material within an artery; when complete, it causes a stroke |
| Transient ischemic attack | temporary interruption of blood flow to an area of the brain; the effect typically resolve within 24 hours |
| Verbal paraphasia | unintended substitution of one word for another, usually from the same category (e.g., horse for cow) |
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