| Term | Definition |
|---|
| Matter | Anything that ocuppies space and has mass; made of the fundamental building blocks called atoms |
| Inertia | Possessed by all matter; a resting body will remain at rest; a moving body will remain in motion unless acted upon an outstide force |
| Conservation | Matter cannot be created nor destroyed; can be changed into energy, e.g. atomic bomb (E=mc2) |
| Solids, liquids, gases | Forms of matter; depending of spacing of molecules |
| Substance | Any material that has a definite constant composition and can be either simple or complex |
| Element | Cannot be decomposed to a simpler substance by ordinary means |
| Atom | The smallest particle that has the properties of an element and can react chemically; not a homongenous particle but consists of a nucleus made up of protons and neutrons and surrounded by orbital electrons; smallest form of an element |
| Compound | Chemical union of two or more elements in definite proportion losing all properties of previous elements, e.g. H2O |
| Molecule | Smallest form of a compound; degree of attraction within matter determines whether it will be a solid, liquid, or gas |
| The Bohr Atom | "Mini solar system" in which the orbital electrons revolve around the nucleus in specific shells or energy levels; electrical in nature: nucleus - positive charge, electrons - negative chargen; normal atom is neutral when the number electrons is equal to the number of protons (electrical stability) |
| Nucleus | Positively charged center core of an atom made up of protons and neutrons; contains the entire mass of the atom; protons are positively charged and neutrons have no charge |
| Electron | Each carry a single negative charge and moves in its own path around the nucleus |
| Shell, energy level | Paths of orbiting electrons of the same distance from the nucleus are said to have the same _____ or _____ _____ |
| Binding energy | Is higher when an electrons orbit is closer to the nucleus; the more electrons the greater the _______ _____ |
| 2, 8, 18, 32, 50, 72, 98 | Number of electrons for shells KLMNOPQ; 2(n)^2 |
| Ion | An atom that has gained an electron or has an electron removed |
| Z#, Atomic number | Determined by the number of protons in the nucleus; maintains the indentity and distinctive properties of the element |
| A#, Mass number | Total number of protons and neutrons, i.e. entire mass of the nucleus |
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