ITGS Chapter 14 - Politics and Government
About this set
Created by:
itgs on April 11, 2012
Subjects:
IT, ICT, Computing, itgs, information technology in a global society
Description:
Key terms for the ITGS specific scenario 'Politics and Government'. These terms relate to chapter 14 of the textbook (www.itgstextbook.com).
Classes:
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58 terms
Terms | Definitions |
|---|---|
 ANPR | Software which processes video camera data to read vehicle number plates and compare it to those stored in a database. |
| augmented reality | Overlapping layers of computer data with images of the real world. |
| Automatic Number Plate Recognition | Software which processes video camera data to read vehicle number plates and compare it to those stored in a database. |
| battlefield network | Large scale network gathering information from soldiers, vehicles, and maps to provide an overall view of the battlefield. |
| biometrics | Use of fingerprints, retina scans, or other body features as an authentication mechanism. |
| black boxes | Closed system whose internal operation cannot be inspected. |
| black list | List of banned web sites in a filtering system. |
| Children Internet Protection Act (CIPA) | US Law requiring schools to filter Internet content to protect children. |
| content rating | System whereby web site content is categorised so that filters can block it if necessary. |
| cyber-terrorism | Using computer hacking techniques to commit acts of terrorism. |
| cyber-warfare | Using computer hacking techniques to commit acts of war. |
| Denial of Service attack | Flooding a computer system with data so that it cannot respond to genuine users. |
| Digital Millennium Copyright Act | Law designed to improve copyright protection for media companies, and make it illegal to bypass copy protection systems such as DRM. |
| Direct Recording Electronic | Voting machines where users cast votes by touching a screen. |
| DMCA | Law designed to improve copyright protection for media companies, and make it illegal to bypass copy protection systems such as DRM. |
| DNA database | A database, often national, that contains DNA samples taken from people arrested by the police. |
| DNS | System for translating domain names into IP addresses. |
| DNS Poisoning | Technique used by criminals to alter DNS records and drive users to fake sites, to committing phishing. |
| DRE voting machine | A type of electronic voting machine that allows the user to vote by selecting the candidates name using a touchscreen. |
| drone | An unmanned aerial vehicle often used by the military for surveillance operations. |
| e-passport | Passport with a microchip containing biometric features, and RFID technology to transmit these to immigration control. |
| e-petition | An online petition that can be signed by people supporting a cause. |
| electronic voting | Any use of IT to count or cast votes in an election. |
| false negative | When a system incorrectly rejects an action instead of accepting it. |
| false positive | When a system incorrectly accepts an action instead of rejecting it. |
| filter | Software which blocks some Internet content, based on a series of rules or lists of content. |
| firewall | Software or hardware used to control data entering and leaving a network. |
| future warrior | Information technology designed to improve a soldier's understanding of the battlefield around him. |
| GPS | System of satellites that allows a user to determine their position on Earth using a special receiver. |
| Internet voting | Systems which allows users to vote over the Internet. |
| Internet Watch Foundation | Organisation that works with British ISPs to block access to illegal content on the Internet. |
| IP address | Unique address assigned to every computer on a network. |
| IWF | Organisation that works with British ISPs to block access to illegal content on the Internet. |
| keyword filter | Filter that blocks web pages containing specified key words. |
| micro-payments | Online donations collected in small amounts, but which add up when contributed by thousands of users. |
| mission creep | When the use of an IT system extends beyond its original purpose. |
| mixed reality | Combination of virtual reality and real life training. |
| online voting | Casting votes over the Internet. |
| open government | Use of IT to publish data about government operations, improving transparency. |
| optical scanning electronic voting system | Voting machines which count paper ballots cast by voters. |
| PNDRE | Voting machines where users cast votes over a network like the Internet. |
| precision guided weapons | Weapons that use IT to improve their accuracy or effectiveness. |
| Public Network Direct Recording Electronic | Voting machines where users cast votes over a network like the Internet. |
| RFID | System of tags which contain data that can be read from a distance using radio waves. |
| simulation | Based on computer models, gives users experience of events such as flying a plane. |
| smart weapons | Weapons that use IT to improve their accuracy or effectiveness. |
| software verification | The use of experts to examine the source code of a program to check that it works correctly. |
| tactile feedback | Output from a computer system in the form of force, movement, or resistance. |
| UAV | An unmanned aerial vehicle often used by the military for surveillance operations. |
| Unmanned Aerial Vehicle | An unmanned aerial vehicle often used by the military for surveillance operations. |
| URL | Describes the location of an item, such as a web page, on the Internet. |
| virtual reality | A virtual world which the user views using a special headset, and may participate in using specialist input devices. |
| virtual reality headset | Primary output device used by a virtual reality system. |
| Voter Verified Paper Audit Trails | An electronic voting system that produces a paper receipt of the vote cast, allowing a recount if necessary. |
| VVPAT | An electronic voting system that produces a paper receipt of the vote cast, allowing a recount if necessary. |
| weighted filter | A filter which considers the words in a page as well as the context in which they appear. |
| white list | List of allowed web sites in a filtering system. |
| wired soldiers | Information technology designed to improve a soldier's understanding of the battlefield around him. |
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