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Fort Sumter Union-controlled fort in South Carolina where the first official fighting of the Civil War occurred Anaconda Plan Northern strategy in the Civil War in which they would surround the South Bull Run first major bloodshed of the Civil War in which General Irvin McDowell led Union forces against General Thomas Jackson (South) near Washington, D.C. *The first Southern victory in the War* Thomas Jackson Confederate general who led Confederate troops in the battle of Bull Run. Known for being as "strong as a Stonewall" George McClellan appointed by Lincoln to lead the new Union army; known for being very cautious in his military tactics; achieved victory at Antietam Ulysses Grant Union General who was known for various military victories in Tennessee during the Civil War and fighting at the Battle of Shiloh Shiloh Battle in which the Southern soldiers surprise attacked the Union forces; taught both sides of the war the importance of using scouts, digging trenches, and building fortifications. David Farragut commander of a Union fleet based in the Mississippi River; was successful in attacking and seizing New Orleans Monitor Union's first ironclad ship Robert Lee general who took command of the Confederate forces; achieved victory at the Second Battle of Bull Run Antietam bloodiest single-day battle in American history; fought between McClellan's northern forces and Lee's Southern forces minie ball a cone-shaped bullet, made of soft lead, with a hollow base that would cause a rifle to shoot farther and more accurately than a musket rifling technology in which the inside of a firearm's barrel had grooves, causing the bullet to spin Gatling gun a large, rapid-fire weapon with multiple rotating barrels, cranked by hand Abraham Lincoln Republican president of the Union Jefferson Davis president of the Confederacy Merrimack Confederacy's first ironclad ship ironclad a ship that is covered with iron plates Trent Affair event in which a Union ship stopped a British ship in order to arrest two Confederate representatives who were attempting negotiations between the Confederacy and Britain Emancipation Proclamation Lincoln's speech which freed slaves in areas of Confederate control. habeas corpus court order that requires authorities to bring a person held in jail before the court to determine why he or she is being jailed. Copperheads Northern Democrats who advocated peace with the South conscription a draft that would force certain members of the population to serve in the army. 54th Massachusetts first regiment made of African American soldiers; fought for the Union. income tax a tax that takes a specified percentage of an individual's income. Chancellorsville Battle in which Lee defeats general Joseph Hooker and forced the Union army to retreat; Southern victory Gettysburg three-day battle between Robert E. Lee and George Meade, in which the Union outlasted the Confederacy and caused them to retreat; left the Confederate troops permanently weakened. Vicksburg battle in which Ulysses S. Grant placed a Confederate fort under siege; resulted in Northern victory and the Union able to control all of the Mississippi River Gettysburg Address Lincoln's speech in which he reaffirms the North's reasons for fighting the Civil War which were to preserve the Union and to free enslaved people. William Tecumseh Sherman Union general appointed by Grant as the commander of the military division of the Mississippi; marched Southeast towards George and devastated the South during his "March" Election of 1864 election in which Lincoln defeated George McClellan and John C. Fremont, getting reelected for his second term as president. Appomattox Court House event in which Lee and Grant met to arrange a Confederate surrender; ending the Civil War National Bank Act set up a system of federally chartered banks, set requirements for loans, and provided for banks to be inspected. Thirteenth Amendment freed all slaves John Wilkes Booth Southern sympathizer who assassinated Abraham Lincoln.