ITGS Chapter 16 - Artificial Intelligence and Robotics (HL only)
About this set
Created by:
itgs on April 11, 2012
Subjects:
itgs, information technology in a global society, it, ict, computing
Description:
Key terms for the ITGS Higher Level topic "Artificial Intelligence and Robotics". These terms relate to chapter 16 of the textbook (www.itgstextbook.com).
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65 terms
Terms | Definitions |
|---|---|
 AI | Creating a system that produces results comparable to human intelligence. |
| Artificial Intelligence | Creating a system that produces results comparable to human intelligence. |
| Artificial Neural Network | AI system that attempts to mimic the neurons and synapses in the human brain. |
| Boolean logic | Logic in which clauses can have one of two states - such as yes or no, true or false. |
| brute force searching | AI technique that considers all possible solutions, looking for the best. |
| CAPTCHA | System designed to create text that is unreadable to a computer but understandable to a person, to reduce spam. |
| chaining | Use of logical statements to come to a conclusion. |
| Chinese Room, the | Thought experiment dealing with the idea of knowledge. |
| computational intelligence | Approach that tries to create systems that think and learn in the same way humans do. |
| confidence interval | Level of certainty in an answer a pattern recognition system provides. |
| expert system shell | Software used to create expert systems. |
| expert systems | Software designed to make the same decisions that a human expert would, in a given knowledge domain. |
| feedback loop | Use of previous answers (right or wrong) to improve the decision making process next time. |
| fuzzy logic | Logic in which items can have multiple values. Used in AI. |
| fuzzy set theory | System in which items can be partial or complete members of a set. Used in AI. |
| hand writing recognition | System to recognise human writing and convert it to text. |
| heuristics | General rules for performing a task, used to improve the perform of searching algorithms in AI applications. |
| IF-THEN rule | Rule used by the inference engine in an expert system to describe the relationship between key concepts. |
| inference engine | Part of an expert system which attempts to relate the users input with knowledge stored in the knowledge base. |
| inference rule | Rule used by the inference engine in an expert system to describe the relationship between key concepts. |
| knowledge base | Area of an expert system where all facts about the knowledge domain are stored. |
| knowledge domain | Area of knowledge in which an expert system specialises. |
| knowledge engineer | Programmer responsible for entering expert knowledge into an expert system. |
| knowledge representation | Different techniques for representing concepts and their relationships inside a computer system. |
| logic | Rule used by the inference engine in an expert system to describe the relationship between key concepts. |
| machine learning | Technique for making a computer produce better results by learning from past experiences. |
| machine translation | Technique for automatically translating one human language into another. |
| natural language processing | Techniques for processing human languages to enable a computer to understand their meaning. |
| neural networks | AI technique that tries to simulate the human brain, using neurons and synapses. |
| pattern recognition | Computational Intelligence technique where computers are trained on examples and learn to recognise similarities between them. |
| Searching | AI technique that considers all possible solutions, looking for the best. |
| set theory | Mathematical theory used in some AI techniques. |
| speech recognition | Computer system that can process spoken language and understand its meaning. |
| training data | Example data used in a pattern recognition system. |
| Turing test | Proposed test to see if a computer is intelligent or not. |
| user interface | Part of an expert system that accepts users inputs and presents answers. |
| android | Robot designed to look like a human, with lifelike skin and other features. |
| autonomous | Robot which operates without human intervention. |
| camera | Common input device in robotics. (There are many, so 'override' the answer if you get any correct one) |
| clamps | Common output device in robotics. (There are many, so 'override' the answer if you get any correct one) |
| claws | Common output device in robotics. (There are many, so 'override' the answer if you get any correct one) |
| computer vision | Techniques to let computers and robots see and understand the world around them. |
| heat sensor | Common input device in robotics. (There are many, so 'override' the answer if you get any correct one) |
| humanoid | Robot designed generally like a human - bipedal, upright, and arms, and a head. |
| humidity sensor | Common input device in robotics. (There are many, so 'override' the answer if you get any correct one) |
| infrared sensor | Common input device in robotics. (There are many, so 'override' the answer if you get any correct one) |
| lasers | Common input device in robotics. (There are many, so 'override' the answer if you get any correct one) |
| light sensor | Common input device in robotics. (There are many, so 'override' the answer if you get any correct one) |
| lights | Common output device in robotics. (There are many, so 'override' the answer if you get any correct one) |
| magnetism sensor | Common input device in robotics. (There are many, so 'override' the answer if you get any correct one) |
| motors | Common output device in robotics. (There are many, so 'override' the answer if you get any correct one) |
| pH sensor | Common input device in robotics. (There are many, so 'override' the answer if you get any correct one) |
| pressure sensor | Common input device in robotics. (There are many, so 'override' the answer if you get any correct one) |
| proximity sensor | Common input device in robotics. (There are many, so 'override' the answer if you get any correct one) |
| radar | Common input device in robotics. (There are many, so 'override' the answer if you get any correct one) |
| relays | Common output device in robotics. (There are many, so 'override' the answer if you get any correct one) |
| robot | Computerised device that performs manual or physical tasks, either autonomously or under remote control. |
| robotic arm | Common output device in robotics. (There are many, so 'override' the answer if you get any correct one) |
| robotic fingers | Common output device in robotics. (There are many, so 'override' the answer if you get any correct one) |
| sensors | Input devices used to measure physical traits, such as sound, heat, or light. |
| sirens | Common input device in robotics. (There are many, so 'override' the answer if you get any correct one) |
| sound sensor | Common input device in robotics. (There are many, so 'override' the answer if you get any correct one) |
| speakers | Common output device in robotics. (There are many, so 'override' the answer if you get any correct one) |
| tracks | Common output device in robotics. (There are many, so 'override' the answer if you get any correct one) |
| wheels | Common output device in robotics. (There are many, so 'override' the answer if you get any correct one) |
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