Chapter 20-Unifying Concepts of Animal Structure and Function
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Created by:
mikelagarcia on April 11, 2012
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Vocabulary
Campbell Biology
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34 terms
Terms | Definitions |
|---|---|
 Anatomy | the study of the form of an organism's structures |
| Physiology | the study of the functions of those structures. |
| Tissue | an integrated group of similar cells that preform a common function. |
| Organ | a structure consisting of several tissues adapted as a group to perform specific functions. |
| Organ System | A group of organs that work together in preforming vital body functions |
| Epithelial Tissue (Epithelium) | A sheet of tightly packed cells lining organs, body cavaties and external surfaces |
| Connective Tissue | Tissue consisting of a spare population of cells held in an abundant extracellular matrix, which they produce |
| Loose Connective Tissue | The most widespread connective tissue in the vertebrate body. It binds epithelia to underlying tissues and functions as packing matera, holding organs in place. |
| Fibrous Connective Tissue | A dense tissue with large numbers of collagenous fibers organized into parallel bundles. This is the dominant tissue in tendons and ligaments |
| Adipose Tissue | A type of connective tissue whose cells contain fat |
| Cartilage | A flexible connective tissue consisting of living cells and collagenous fibers embedded in a rubbery matrix |
| Bone | A type of connective tissue consisting of living cells held in a rigid matrix of collagen fibers embedded in calcium salts |
| Blood | A type of connective tissue with a fluid matrix called plasma in which blood cells are suspended |
| Muscle Tissue | Tissue consisting of long muscle cells that are capable of contracting when stimulated by nerve impulses; the most abundant tissue in a typical animal |
| Skeletal Muscle | Striated muscle attatched to the skeleton. The contraction striated muscles produces voluntary movements of the body |
| Cardiac Muscle | Striated muscle that forms the contractile tissue of the heart |
| Smooth Muscle | Muscle made up of cells without striations, found in the walls of organs such as the digestive tract, urinary bladder, and arteries |
| Nervous Tissue | Tissue made up of neurons and supportive cells |
| Neuron | A nerve cell; the fundamental structural and functional unit if the nervous system, specialized for carrying signals from one location in the body to another |
| Endocrine System | The organ system consisting of ductlessglands that secrete hormones and the molecular receptors on or in target cells that respond to the hormones; cooperates with the nervous system in regulating body functions and maintaining homeostasis |
| Skeletal System | The organ system that provides bdy support and protects body organs such as the brain, heart and lungs |
| Circulatory System | The organ system that transports materials such as nutrients, O2, and hormones to body cell and transports CO2 and other wastes from body cells. |
| Respiratory System | The organ system that functions in exchanging gases with the enviroment. It supplies the blood with O2 and disposes of CO2 |
| Muscular System | All the skeletal muscles in the body. |
| Integumentary System | The organ system consisting of the skin and its derivatives, such as hair and nails in mamals; protect the body from drying out, mechanical injury, and infection. |
| Lymphatic System | The vertebrate organ system through which lymph circulates; includes lymph vessels, lymph nodes, and the spleen. The lymphatic system helps remove toxins and pathogensfrom the blood and interstitial fluid to the circulatory system |
| Immune System | An animal's body system of defenses against agents that cause disease |
| Urinary System | The organ system that forms and excretes urine while regulating the amount of water and irons in the body fluids |
| Digestive System | The organ system involved in ingestion and digestion of food, absorption of nutrients and elimination of wastes |
| Reproductive System | The body organ system responsible for reproduction |
| Nervous System | The organ system that forms a communication and coordination network between all parts of an animal's body. |
| Interstital Fluid | An aqueous solution that surrounds body cells and through which materials pass back and forth between the blood and the body tissues |
| Homeostasis | The steady state of body functioning; a state of equilibrium characterized by a dynamic interplay between outside forces that tend to change an organism's internal environment and the internal control mechanisms that oppose such changes |
| Negative Feedback | A common control mechanism in which a chemical reaction, metabolic pathway, or hormone-secreting gland is inhibited by the products of the reaction, pathway or gland. As the concentration of the products builds up, the product molecules themselves inhibit the process that produced them. |
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