jc science chemistry Water, Pollution, treatment

Terms	Definitions
water	_______________the most valuable natural resource, aqua, hydro, , H₂O, known as the universal solvent
drainage	Removal of groundwater or surface water, or of water from structures, by gravity or pumping.
Electrolysis	the process in which an electric current is used to produce a chemical reaction, such as the decomposition of water., Process of splitting water into 2 parts hydrogen and 1 part oxygen by means of an electric current.
properties of water	-Universal solvent colourless, odourless, -It's molecules are cohesive -Adhesion ie it wets -capillarity it rises up narrow spaces -Facilitates chemical reactions condensation/hydrolysis Excellent insulator (wet suit) -tends to remain a liquid rather than change to ice or steam. It is a liquid within a 100º range on C scale.where life exists When frozen it's less dense than when liquid.(ice floats) highest density 1 @ 4 degrees Celsius neutral, amphotheric behaves as an acid or base high S.H.C buffers heat pure water an electrical insulator turns cobalt chloride from pink to blue turns anhydrous copper sulphate from white to blue
water cycle	The cycle of processes by which water circulates between the earth's oceans, atmosphere, and land, involving precipitation as rain and snow, drainage in streams and rivers, and return to the atmosphere by evaporation and transpiration
biological significance of water	-Universal solvent colourless, odourless,-eg in eyes do not interfere with image and other reactions -It's molecules are cohesive- surface tension -Adhesion ie it wets - capillarity it rises up narrow spaces xylem and phloem -Facilitates chemical reactions condensation/hydrolysis - digestion, photosynthesis Excellent insulator (wet suit) -tends to remain a liquid rather than change to ice or steam. It is a liquid within a 100º range on C scale - range.where life exists When frozen it's less dense than when liquid.(ice floats) highest density 1 @ 4 degrees Celsius - fish survive under ice neutral, amphotheric behaves as an acid or base - doesn't interfere with pH high S.H.C buffers heat latent heat - sweating, transpiration
Permeable	allowing materials to flow through
Porous	a material with a lot of spaces that allow liquids to flow through easily
Recharge zone	an area that provides an aquifer with water, a place sensitive to pollution
Artificial Eutrophication	This happens when fertilizers get washed into surface water and cause algae to grow quickly. The bacteria break down the algae and use up all of the oxygen which causes the living things in the water to die
Steps of water treatment (in order)	Screening (to get rid of large things), Coagulation (to rid of the bacteria so that they sink to the bottom)settling , Second Filtration (layers of sand and gravel), Chlorination (to prevent bacteria from growing), Aeration (to rid of unwanted odors/gases), Additional Treatment (fluoride)
Point pollution	one source of pollution that can be identified
Storm Water	Water that flows down storm drains mainly from precipitation
Waste Water	water from homes and businesses (brushing teeth). This water is treated before put into lakes and streams.
Bioassay	analyzing how toxins affect living things
Percent germination	3/4 seeds germinated is 75% seeds germinated water needed for germination
Bioaccumulation	Toxins build up in a living thing (DDT in gulls soft eggs)
Water distribution on Earth	97% seawater, 3% freshwater- 77% in ice caps, 22% in groundwater, 1% other
Surface water	lakes, rivers, streams
River System	flowing network of water
Watershed	area of land that is drained by a river
Groundwater	water beneath the Earth's surface in sediment and rock formations
Aquifer	An underground formation that contains water
Reservoir	______________________ store water large tanks or when dams are built one forms behind them.
Evaporation	________________ when water rises up into the air turning from a liquid to a gas
Condensation	__________________________ when the water condenses in the cooler air in the sky to form clouds, that is changing from a gas back to a liquid.
Precipitation	____________________ is rain, snow, hail, sleet- any form of water that falls from the sky once the water droplets become to heavy to stay up in the air
transpiration	When water is released into the air by plants
Percolation	When water seeps through rock, sand, etc. (coffee pot)
Thermal Pollution	This pollution hurts because with all he heat, the water cannot hold the dissolved oxygen
Storm drain	A drain where all storm water flows into and directly into nearby streams, lakes, or rivers
Outflow	Where all the storm drain water come from to go into the surface waters.
Potable	____________ water is safe to drink
Heavy metals	Mercury, Lead are _____________ that pollute water and are toxic to life
physical agents	Suspended solids (soil floating in water), heat are _______________ that effect water quality
Environmental Impact Statement	_________________________________________outlines quality of a place, ways to fix it, and possible contributions to the pollution, whether or not a proposed development has adverse effects on the environment
test for water	Turns blue cobalt chloride paper pink
test for water	__________________________ with Anhydrous Copper(II) sulphate turns from white to blue green
natural filtration	a filter based on organised soil particles gravel sand silt and clay is a form of ________________________
zeolites	natural ion exchangers, microporous, aluminosilicate minerals commonly used as commercial adsorbents. Zeolites are widely used in industry for water purification, as catalysts, and in nuclear reprocessing. Their biggest use is in the production of laundry detergents. They are also used in medicine and in agriculture.
biological treatment	Stage in wasterwater treatment that removes dissolved nutrients, some wastes including oil, PCS, and cyanide can be broken down to bacteria,reed beds, flowering plants, and trees