Microbiology Test 4 walker
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Created by:
ellenmeasley on April 12, 2012
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59 terms
Terms | Definitions |
|---|---|
 upper GI tract | mouth, esophagus, stomach |
| lower GI tract | intestines, liver |
| normal flora in the mouth and salivary glands | has the most bacteria, most common is streptococcus species, saliva is important because of the lysozyme which aids in digestion |
| normal flora in the stomach | very few bacteria live here because of the stomach acid |
| normal flora in the small and large intestine | the small has few microbes because of the stomach acid that goes through it: the large has the most numerous amount of microbes |
| importance of the GI tract normal flora | importance in aiding in digestion and protect the GI tract from infection |
| tooth decay (dental caries) | a bacterial infection of the upper GI tract and is the MOST COMMON INFECTIOUS DISEASE IN HUMANS; is commonly cause by the waste product of streptococcus mutans, it produces lactic acid creates plaque, a biofilm, and destroys the teeth; it can be hereditary because of the amount of strep bacteria that one has inherited |
| cariogenic plaque | the plaque directly related to tooth decay |
| prevention and treatment of tooth decay | good hygiene, regular dental check ups, good diet |
| gastritis | a bacterial infection that causes inflammation of the stomach; a chronic infection caused by helicobacter pylori; this bacteria can survive in the stomach because of the urease enzyme, which breaks down urea into ammonia neutralizing the acid in the stomach |
| duodenal ulcers | also caused by a bacterial infection and is an irritation of the stomach that can eat through the lining; caused by helicobacter pylori |
| herpes simplex virus | a viral infection of the GI tract, also called cold sores or fever blisters, a latent infection, and is brought about by stress, illness, or sunburn; can infect almost any body tissue; transmitted by physical contact, saliva and fomites |
| cholera (vibrio cholerae) | a bacterial disease in the lower GI tract and is caused by contaminated water supply, causes rice water stool, which is basically stool with mucus and dead tissue, many bacterial cells are needed to infect; creates AB toxins, which are exotoxins that have the ability to attach to the intestines; the lysogenic phage help the bacteria to survive long term and give the bacteria new ability, the bacteria cannot infect unless it has this phage; the vaccine prevents cholera and you need to get it before infection |
| gastroenteritis | a bacterial disease int he lower GI tract and is cause by E. coli; causes intestinal inflammation; very few cells are required for infection, spread by contaminated food, water and person to person contact; as its virulence factors it has endotoxins and the ability to attach to the small intestine; prevention by clean food and water; no vaccine |
| hepatitis | a viral disease of the digestive system and is the inflammation of the liver, some vaccines are available, and there are many different types |
| hepatitis A HAV | a form of hepatitis with fairly mild symptoms, like nausea, fatigue and fever; spread through the oral fecal route by contaminated food, water, common in shell fish and shrimp; vaccine available, but no antiviral drugs because of the envelope |
| hepatitis B HBV | a form of hepatitis that is also called serum hepatitis because it can invade the blood stream; it is more serious than HAV, and has a very efficient production of the virus; is a chronic infection (carriers); transmitted through bodily fluid, the most common type of hepatitis; vaccine is available and some antiviral drugs |
| hepatitis C HCV | a form of hepatitis that is milder than HAV and HBV; is transmitted through contaminated blood and no vaccine is available |
| protozoan diseases on the digestive system | they are a disease of the digestive system that are eucaryotic |
| giadiasis (giardia lamblia) | a protozoan disease of the GI tract that is the most common water borne disease in the US, cause by contaminated water and is an acute or chronic infection (carriers); has 2 life stages- trophozite, which is its active form and occurs in the small intestine, and the cyst, which is when they come out of the body, and is the dormant form that survives in the feces, therefore it is able to withstand the stomach acid; it is prevented by water filtration and high chlorine levels. there are some drugs available |
| SUMMARY PAGE | SUMMARY PAGE |
| CNS | has no normal flora, but has a defense known as the blood brain barrier; microbes have access to this by the blood stream, by moving from the capillary to the nerve, nerves and extension of bone: it is challenging to come up with antimicrobial drugs in this area |
| meningoccocal and pneumococcal meningitis | inflammation of the meninges that is caused by a bacterial infection like neissoria miningitidis adn streptococcus pneumoniae; symptoms quickly progress from mild to severe; transmission by inhalation and there are vaccines availabe |
| botulism (clostridium botulinum) | a bacterial infection in the CNS that has endospores, and are causes are food borne, paralysis is the defining symptom and motor neurons are the target; B toxins produce the paralysis; this bacteria is common in honey, meat vegatables, fruit and any canned food; treated with an antitoxin |
| poliomyelitis | a viral infection in the CNS that destroys motor neurons in brain and spinal chord, is a chronic infection, but the immune system eventually eliminates it; has a post syndrome in which the individual experiences muscle weakness, this is because motor neurons were lost; there is a normal vaccination now |
| rabies (rhabdovirus) | a viral infection of the CNS and is in wild animals, has an envelope, almost always fatal, creates a fear of water, is transmitted by bites because of the saliva: this virus enters a neuron and travels to the brain and eventually person will go into a coma; healthy looking animals can be carriers; there is a vaccine that must be taken early on and treatment |
| cryptococcal meningoencephalitis | a fungal infection of the CNS cause by yeast, happens in immune supressed patients, enters through the sinuses, is often an indicator of AIDS, NOT transmitted from person to person, similar symptoms of meningitis; there is no vaccine or antifungal drug |
| African sleeping sickness (trypanosoma bruces) | a protozoan infection of the CNS that is transmitted by the tsetse fly, is eucaryotic and a parasite, which means it lives inside the cell, a latent infection, causes excessive sleepiness, coma and death; can be prevents by preventing the fly bites; is characterized by alternating periods of health and sickness, health comes when the protozoan is outside the cell; causes parasitemia |
| parasitemia | an invasion of blood by parasites |
| prion infections of the nervous system | considered a non living microbe, they are basically a wrong protein and resistant to chemicals, heat and things to treat infection |
| spongiform encphalopathy (prions | rare but almost always fatal, a slow infection, spread by eating tissue, like ground beef; no treatment for mad cow disease, very resistant |
| SUMMARY PAGE | SUMMARY PAGE |
| blood and lymphatic system | supposed to be sterile |
| bloodstream | carries oxygen and gets rid of waste products |
| lymphatic | allows immune cells to move throughout the body |
| circulatory system infections | are less common but can be dangerous because they are systemic |
| infectious points in the circulatory system | in the heart, such as valves and pericardium; arteries and veins, where microbes and toxins can circulate throughout the body; lymph nodes, which are small structures that capture foreign matter; lymph vessels, which carry immune cells through the body and help filter blood through liver and spleen; these structures are naturally sterile |
| septicemia | a condition when a microbe or toxin is circulating through the body |
| bacterial endocarditis | a bacterial infection in the blood vascular system that is gram positive and is a secondary infection of strep, can be caused by dental work; they create a capsule; they are causatve bacteria; form a septic embolism, which is a bacterial blood clot; there is an antibiotic that one can take before dental work, or can be treated with surgery |
| gram negative septicemia | a bacterial infection in the blood vascular system; a nosocomial infection, susceptible to high risk patients, are caused by mixtures of bacteria; has endo and exotoxins, forms blood clots and the only prevention is a quick diagnosis |
| black death | a bacterial infection of the lymphatic system, it is spread by fleas, bacteria blocks their digestive system and when they bite another host they regurgitate the blood on the next host; plasmids, which is extra DNA, help this infection, it allows the bacteria to have a benefit by forming a capsule; is called this because the lack of oxygen the tissues get, necrosis, make black dead patches on the skin, also called bubonic plague; we do have antibiotics that are gram negative bacteria and also better sanitation helps prevent this disease |
| protease | an enzyme that the bacteria of black death use to break down proteins to prevent clotting, they target blood and immune cells, this causes internal bleeding |
| infectious mononucleosis (Epstein- Barr virus) | a viral infection of the lymphatic system that attacks monocytes, it may cause no symptoms; 95% of adults carry the virus, a latent infection, can come back, inked to lymphatic cancers,, no vaccine or treatment and is spread through saliva |
| AIDS | a disease caused by HIV that is a problem with the immune system, this disease was first recgonized in 1981, it is the leading cause of death in Africa and in the US in ages 25-44, killed more ppl than the Black Death |
| HIV disease | a slow infection and is indicated when the normal flora becomes an opportunistic pathogen and minorinfection become major, or it can be indicated by reactivation of latent infections like mono and chicken pox; it targets human T cells, which are cells that seek out and destroy viruses |
| transimission of HIV | through body fluids like sex, blood, and mother to infant contact during birth, however mother can be put on meds before giving birth |
| prevention and treatment of HIV | education and avoiding risky behaviors, antiviral drugs that block fusion of virus and host cell DNA, block virus replication in host cell and block virus from attaching to host cell- these are usually given as a drug "cocktail" |
| vaccines for HIV | no vaccine yet because there is so many strains and lack of knowledge; therapeutic vaccines can be taken after infection |
| malignant tumors, infectious diseases | complication of AIDS |
| kaposi's sarcoma | a malignant tumor that is cancer of the blood and causes lesions |
| cervical carcinoma | a malignant tumor that is reactivation of HPV |
| B-cell brain tumors | a malignant tumor that is caused by reactivation of Epstein Barr virus |
| pneumocystosis | an infectious disease that is in the lungs and caused by fungus, which is in the normal flora |
| toxoplasmosis | an infectious disease that is caused by a protozoan that infects the brain and is carried by cats |
| cytomegalovirus | an infectious disease that is in the herpes family mostly our normal flora this can spread to the retina and cause blindness |
| tuberculosis | a bacterial infection in the lungs |
| yeast infection | a fungal infection that can come about due to AIDS |
| the cause of death among AIDS patients is because of secondary diseases | true |
| SUMMARY PAGE | SUMMARY PAGE |
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