| Term | Definition |
|---|
| Treaty of tordesillas | the 1494 treaty in which Spainand portugal agreed to divide the lands of the western Hemishpere |
| missionary | a person sent by the church to convert native peoples to christianity |
| mercantilism | an economic policy under which nations sought to increase their wealth and power by obtaining large amounts of gold and silver and by establishing a favorable balance of trade |
| Amerigo Vespucci | a navigator who explored the coast of South America ana america is named after him |
| conquistador | an adventurer (especially one who led the Spanish conquest of Mexico and Peru in the 16th century) |
| Heranado Cortes | one of the conquistadors who took central america for spain |
| Montezuma | Chief of the Aztec who could not resist Cortez |
| Franciso Pizaro | Conqured Inca in 1531 |
| Henry Hudson | Discovered what today is known as the Hudson River. Sailed for the Dutch even though he was originally from England. He was looking for a northwest passage through North America. |
| John Cabot | Italian explorer who led the English expedition in 1497 that discovered the mainland of North America and explored the coast from Nova Scotia to Newfoundland (ca. 1450-1498) looking foe asia |
| Giovanni da Verazzano | set out under the French flag to find the northwest passage |
| Jacques Cartier | Navigator; Cartier led 3 voyages of exploration to the St Lawrence region beginning in 1534. |
| Spanish Armada | the great fleet sent from Spain against England by Philip II in 1588 |
| Samuel de Champlain | French explorer in Nova Scotia who established a settlement on the site of modern Quebec (1567-1635) |
| New France | French colony in North America, with a capital in Quebec, founded 1608. |
| viceroyalty | a district or province governed by a viceroy |
| encomienda | Indians were required to work a certain number of days for a land owner, but had their own land to work as well. |
| hacienda | the main house on a ranch or large estate |
| mission | a settlemnet created by the Church in order to convert Native Americans to Christainity |
| Pope | lead the pueblo indians in a rebellion againist the spanish |
| plantation | an estate where cash crops are grown on a large scale (especially in tropical areas) |
| Bartolome de Las Casas | came to Hispaniola in 1502 to take part in the conquest of Cuba. |
| Columbian Exchange | the transfer of plants, animals, and diseases between the Americas and Europe, Asia, and Africa |
| slavery | the condition of being owned by another person and being made to work without wages |
| African Diaspora | the forced removal of Africans from their homeland to serve as slaves in the Americas |
| middle passage | the middle portion of the triangular trade that brought African slaves to the Americas |
| slave codes | laws in the southern states that controlled enslaved people |
| racism | Belief that one race is superior to another |
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