Motion, Motivation, Stress Review
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amnunziata on April 12, 2012
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Fernandez AP Psych Review Quiz 1
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41 terms
Terms | Definitions |
|---|---|
 feelings or ideas that cause to act toward a goal. | Motivation |
| behavior motivated by biological needs. Need= food, water. Drive= hunger, thirst. Drive reducing behavior = eating, drinking. (Ex. Addict injects drug) | Drive Reduction Theory |
| our bodies seek a balanced internal state | Homeostasis |
| biological needs like food | Primary drives |
| learned drives like $ | Secondary drives |
| suggests humans are motivated to seek the optimum level of arousal. | Arousal Theory |
| we perform better at easy tasks with a high level of arousal, we may perform worse on difficult tasks with a high level of arousal. (similar to social facilitation) | Yerkes-Dodson Law |
| behavior is not pushed by a need; it is pulled by a desire. | Incentive Theory |
| Pyramid showing which needs must be met to go to the next level. Physiological needs (ex. food) at bottom, followed by safety needs, belongingness, esteem and self-actualization (reaching one's full potential) at top. The other needs must be met before one can self-actualize. | Maslow's Hierarchy of Needs |
| Washburn swallowed a balloon and determined that stomach contractions accompany our feelings of hunger | Washburn balloon experiment |
| makes us feel hungry when we need to eat | Hypothalamus |
| when electrically stimulated, the lateral hypothalamus causes an animal to begin to eat. Destruction of this area would cause an animal to starve (because hunger disappears) | Lateral hypothalamus |
| when electrically stimulated, the ventromedial hypothalamus causes the animal to stop eating. Destruction of this area would cause an animal to eat continuously and become overweight. | Ventromedial hypothalamus |
| says that the hypothalamus wants to maintain certain body weight. | Set Point theory |
| how our body uses energy. When we are below our optimum body weight, our metabolic rate drops. | Metabolic Rate |
| external food cues. (Ex. glucose level decreases with sight, smell of a food) | Externals |
| once nauseous on particular food then always nauseous- taste aversions | Garcia effect |
| people learn to like certain foods. | Culture |
| Binge eating followed by purging (vomiting, exercising, laxatives) | Bulimia |
| Starve body to below 85% normal body weight | Anorexia Nervosa |
| severely overweight (could be due to unhealthy eating habits or predisposition) | Obesity |
| initial excitement, plateau, orgasm, resolution Sexual Motivation is very much driven by psychological factors. Sexual desire prevails even when capacity to have sex is absent. | Sexual Response Cycle (Masters and Johnson) |
| Evidence suggests that there is a genetic link. (EX- if one identical twin is gay the other is more likely. They also have similar brain structures. | Sexual Orientation |
| varies among individuals; we have a desire to master complex tasks and reach personal goals. Most high achievers prefer moderate tasks that they can be successful on. | Achievement Motivation |
| people motivated by $ | Extrinsic motivation |
| motivated by esteem needs, satisfaction | Intrinsic motivation |
| people are motivated by external rewards and punishment. This style works for a short period of time. | Theory X management style |
| people are motivated by job satisfaction, high morale. This management style is more effective. | Theory Y management style |
| when one has two choices and both have positive outcomes (EX. Should I go to Daytona or Myrtle Beach for spring break.) | Approach/Approach |
| must choose between unattractive outcomes. (Ex. Mom asks you to wash the dishes or clean the \bathroom) | Avoidance/Avoidance |
| when one has one choice that has both desirable and undesirable outcomes. (EX. I like Ice Cream but it's very fattening) | Approach/Avoidance |
| One must choose between two or more options, each having desirable and undesirable qualities. (Ex. Choosing which college to attend) | Multiple Approach Avoidance |
| concept where one is so absorbed in one's work or an activity that he/she loses sense of time and self (considered mentally healthy- EX. having so much fun with friends that you can't believe how fast the time has gone). | Flow |
| High achievers prefer moderately difficult work where they can show success. | Achievement Motivation |
| (2 diff. people)-physiological response (heart pounds) first which causes emotion (feeling afraid) second. | James Lange Theory |
| (2 diff. people)-physiological change and emotion happen simultaneously. | Cannon Bard Theory |
| (sometimes called Lazarus or Singer) physiological arousal and cognitive label/mental interpretation ("I'm afraid") occur simultaneously to cause the emotion. | Shacter two factor theory |
| life events causing us to have stress. | Stressors |
| used to measure stress caused by different life changing events. This is measured in LCUs (life changing units) EX- going to college, girlfriend/boyfriend breaks up with you, parents fighting. | SRRS (Social Readjustment Rating Scale) |
| reaction to stress-occurs in 3 stages- (Mnemonic ARE) +alarm reaction (sympathetic nervous system is activated) +resistance (cope with stress) +exhaustion (Vulnerable to sickness or disease in this stage) | Selye's General Adaptation Syndrome |
| perceived control over the situation lessens stress, perceived lack of control makes an event more stressful. Rats without control of shocks were more likely to develop ulcers | Perceived control |
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