Chapter 16 Test
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Created by:
egieszelmann on April 12, 2012
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chapter 16 test vocab
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48 terms
Terms | Definitions |
|---|---|
 plant | a multicellular eukaryote that carries out photosynthesis |
| roots | the underground organ of a plant that anchors the plant in the soil, absorbs and transports nutrients and water, and stores food |
| shoot | the aerial organs of a plant, consisting of the stem and leaves |
| mycorrhiza | mutually beneficial symbiotic association of a plant root and fungus |
| stoma | pore surrounded by guard cells in the epidermis of a leaf |
| cuticle | a waxy coating on the surface of stems and leaves that helps retain water |
| lignin | a chemical that hardens the cell walls of plants |
| Vascular tissue | plant tissue consisting of cells joined into tubes that transport water and nutrients throughout the plant body |
| xylem | the portion of a plant's vascular system that provides support and conveys water and inorganic nutrients from the roots to the rest of the plant |
| phloem | the portion of a plant's vascular system that conveys sugars, nutrients, and hormones throughout a plant |
| gametangium | a reproductive organ that houses and protects the gametes of a plant |
| charophyte | a member of the green algal group that shares features with land plants and are closely related to them |
| bryophyte | a type of plant that lacks xylum and phloem, so it is a nonvascular plant |
| ferns | a group of seedless vascular plants |
| gymnosperms | plants with a seed not enclosed in a fruit |
| angiosperms | flowering plants that form seeds inside a protective chamber called an ovary |
| mosses | a group of seedless nonvascular plants |
| gametophytes | the multicellular haploid forms in the life cycle of organisms undergoing an alteration of generations; results from the union of spores |
| sporophytes | the multicellular diploid form in the life cycle of organisms undergoing an alteration of generations; results from a union of gametes |
| spores | a haploid cell that can develop into a multicellular individual without fusing with another cell |
| Alternation of generations | a life cycle in which there is both a multicellular diploid form (sporophyte) and a multicellular haploid form (gametophyte), characteristic of plants and multicellular green algae |
| Fossil fuels | an energy deposit formed from the fossilized remains of long dead plants and animals |
| Conifers | a gymnosperm, most of which produce cones |
| Pollen | the male gametophyte that houses cells that will develop into sperm |
| Seed | a plant embryo packaged with a food supply within a protective coating |
| Ovules | reproductive structures in seed plants containing the female gametophyte and the developing egg |
| Germinate | to initiate growth in a plant seed |
| Flower | in an angiosperm, a short stem with four sets of modified leaves, bearing structures that function in sexual reproduction |
| sepals | modified leaves of a flowering plant; protect and enclose the flower bud before it opens |
| Petals | modified leaf in a flowering plant; often the colorful and advertising parts |
| Stamen | a pollen-producing part of a flower |
| Filament | the stalk of a stamen |
| Anther | a sac in which pollen grains develop, located at the tip of a flower's stamen |
| Carpel | the egg-producing part of a flower, consisting of a stalk with an ovary at the base and a stigma, which traps pollen, at the tip |
| Style | the stalk of a flower's carpel, with the ovary at the base and the stigma at the top |
| Stigma | the sticky tip of a flower's carpel that traps pollen rains |
| Ovary | the base of the carpel in which the egg-containing ovules develop |
| Double fertilization | the formation of both a zygote and a cell with a triploid nucleus, which develops into the endosperm |
| endosperm | a nutrient-rich mass formed by the union of a sperm cell with the diploid central cell of the embryo sac during fertilization |
| fruit | the ripened, thick ovary of a flower which protects dormant seeds and aids in their dispersal |
| Fungi | chemoheterotrophic eukaryotes that digest their food externally and absorb the resulting small nutrient molecules |
| Absorption | the uptake of small nutrients molecules by an organism's own body |
| hyphae | the many filaments making up the body of a fungus |
| mycelium | the densely branched network of hyphae in a fungus |
| symbiosis | an mutually beneficial interaction between organisms of different species |
| parasitism | when an organism that lives in or on another organism benefits at the expense of the host organism |
| mutualism | an interspecific interaction in whcih bother partners benefit |
| lichen | a mutually beneficial symbiotic relationship between a fungus and an algae or cyanobacteria |
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