Chemistry Obj 2
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Created by:
Sierra2014 on April 12, 2012
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43 terms
Terms | Definitions |
|---|---|
 diffusion | process by which molecules move from an area of high concentration to an area of low concentration |
| osmosis | the movement of water across the plasma membran from an area of high concentration to an area of low concentration |
| active transport | process requiring energy by which cells move materials |
| homeostasis | equilibrium of an orgnaism's internal environment that maintains conditions suitable for life |
| permeability | property of a plasma membrane that maintains the cell's homeostasis |
| cell membrane | the boundary between the cell and its external environment |
| organelles | internal membrane-bound structures in cells |
| chloroplasts | chlorophyll containing organelle found in green plants and some protests |
| endoplasmic reticulum | membranes forming a type of transport system |
| mitochondrion | eukaryotic organelle in which food molecules are broken down to produce energy |
| ribosomes | organelle involved in protein synthesis |
| DNA | molecule coding the master copy of an organism's information code |
| RNA | single stranded molecule that forms a copy of DNA for use in protein synthesis |
| mitosis | a part of cell division in which the nucleus divides, the end result is 2 identical daughter cells that are identical to the parent cell |
| meiosis | process by which the number of chromosomes per cell is cut in half, used by organisms to produce gametes |
| nondisjunction | error in meiosis in which homologous chromosomes fail to separate, cause of Down Syndrome |
| mutation | error or change in the DNA sequence |
| allele | gene form for each variation of a trait of an organism |
| punnet square | way to find expected proportions of genotypes of offspring of a cross |
| taxonomy | branch of biology dealing with grouping and naming organisms |
| kingdom | broadest level of classification |
| animals | multicellular consumers that eat other organisms for food |
| archaebacteria | group of prokaryotes that produce their food in unusual ways, usually live in extreme environments |
| eubacteria | prokaryotes living under normal conditions |
| fungi | hetertrophic eukaryotic consumers that absorb nutrients from decomposing wastes and dead organisms |
| plants | stationary multicellular eukaryotes that photosynthesize |
| protists | single celled eukaryotes |
| prokaryotes | single celled organisms lacking membrane bound organelles |
| eukaryotes | organism compound of cells with organelles, may be unicellular or multicellular |
| circulatory system | includes heart, blood vessels and blood, transports nutrients and wastes within the body |
| digestive system | receives and breaks down food and absorbs nutrients |
| endocrine system | controls metabolic activities of the body |
| excretory system | filters the blood, collects and excretes wastes |
| immune system | protects the body from infections |
| integumentary system | skin and its associated structures |
| muscular system | provides for movement of the body |
| skeletal system | supports body |
| nervous system | provides sensory function |
| reproductive system | involved in the production of gametes |
| respiratory system | provides area for gas exchange in the organism |
| tissue | a group of cells working together |
| organ | a group of tissues working together |
| organ system | a group of organs working together to maintain homeostasis |
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