| Term | Definition |
|---|
| body | The anterior, most massive part of a vertebra |
| typical vertebra | A vertebra that consists of a vertebral body, arch, and seven processes |
| hyaline cartilage | The material composing most of the central part of a vertebral body |
| epiphyseal rim | The outer part of a vertebral body, consisting of smooth bone |
| vertebral foramen | Consisting of the vertebral arch and the posterior surface of the vertebral body, this area contains the spinal cord |
| arch | The vertebral part that lies posterior to the vertebral body and consists of right/left pedicles and laminae |
| pedicles | short, stout processes that join the vertebral arch to the vertebral body |
| laminae | Two broad, flat plates of bone, which unite in the midline and attach to the vertebral pedicles |
| Spinous process | A median piece of bone that projects posteriorly from the vertebral arch |
| Transverse processes | Two pieces of bone that project posterolaterally from the junctions of the pedicles and laminae |
| articular processes | two superior and two inferior pieces of bone that arise from the junctions of the pedicles and laminae, each bearing an articular surface |
| costovertebral joint | The point of articulation between the head of a rib and the body of a vertebra |
| costotransverse joint | The point of articulation between the tubercle of a rib and the transverse process of a vertebra |
| facet joint | The point of articulation between the superior and inferior articular facets of adjacent vertebrae |
| nucleus pulposis | The jelly-like inner portion of an intervertebral disc, consisting of ordinary connective tissue |
| annulus fibrosis | The outermost portion of an intervertebral disc, consisting of fibrocartilage |
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